The surah that mentions The Banishment, God’s expulsion, of the clan of Banū al-Naḍīr from their prodigious fortress-settlement near Medina, in the mustering it calls the first of its kind: for they had betrayed their covenant of mutual defence by aiding idolaters against monotheistic believers. It takes its name from the “banishment” or “gathering of forces” (ḥashr) of the Jewish tribe from Medina, which is mentioned in verse 2. The Banū al-Naḍīr, who originally agreed with the Prophet that they would fight neither for nor against him, yet, after the Meccan defeat of the Muslims in the Battle of Uḥud (year 3/625), made an alliance with the Meccans. They also tried to kill the Prophet while he was in their area. He asked them to leave and they agreed, but Ibn Ubayy, the head of the “hypocrites” of Medina, promised them that, if they fought the Muslims, he and his camp would fight with them (verse 11 .), and, if they had to leave Medina, he and his camp would leave with them. Because the Banū al-Naḍīr had repeatedly broken their agreements, the Muslims besieged them in Medina (in year 4/626), Ibn Ubayy did not keep his promise, and the Banū al-Naḍīr agreed to leave, some going to Syria and some to Khaybar. In this surah, God stresses that any gains were His doing and so should be distributed in accordance with His instructions (verse 6 .). The end of the surah, consequently, emphasizes obedience and awe towards God (verse 21 .).The surah is also known as: Confrontation, Exile, The Fathering, The Gathering, The Gathering (of Forces), The Mustering.
1
سَبَّحَ لِلَّهِ ما فِي السَّماواتِ وَما فِي الأَرضِ ۖ وَهُوَ العَزيزُ الحَكيمُ
sabbaḥa li-llāhi mā fī s-samāwāti wa-mā fī l-ʾarḍi wa-huwa l-ʿazīzu l-ḥakīmu
Whatever there is in the heavens glorifies Allahand whatever there is in the earth,and He is the All-mighty, the All-wise.
2
هُوَ الَّذي أَخرَجَ الَّذينَ كَفَروا مِن أَهلِ الكِتابِ مِن دِيارِهِم لِأَوَّلِ الحَشرِ ۚ ما ظَنَنتُم أَن يَخرُجوا ۖ وَظَنّوا أَنَّهُم مانِعَتُهُم حُصونُهُم مِنَ اللَّهِ فَأَتاهُمُ اللَّهُ مِن حَيثُ لَم يَحتَسِبوا ۖ وَقَذَفَ في قُلوبِهِمُ الرُّعبَ ۚ يُخرِبونَ بُيوتَهُم بِأَيديهِم وَأَيدِي المُؤمِنينَ فَاعتَبِروا يا أُولِي الأَبصارِ
huwa lladhī ʾakhraja lladhīna kafarū min ʾahli l-kitābi min diyārihim li-ʾawwali l-ḥashri mā ẓanantum ʾan yakhrujū wa-ẓannū ʾannahum māniʿatuhum ḥuṣūnuhum mina llāhi fa-ʾatāhumu llāhu min ḥaythu lam yaḥtasibū wa-qadhafa fī qulūbihimu r-ruʿba yukhribūna buyūtahum bi-ʾaydīhim wa-ʾaydī l-muʾminīna fa-ʿtabirū yā-ʾulī l-ʾabṣāri
It is He who expelled the faithlessbelonging to the People of the Bookfrom their homesat the outset of [their] en masse banishment.You did not think that they would go out,and they thought their fortresses would protect themfrom Allah.But Allah came at themfrom whence they did not reckonand He cast terror into their hearts.They demolish their houses with their own handsand the hands of the faithful.So take lesson, O you who have insight!
3
وَلَولا أَن كَتَبَ اللَّهُ عَلَيهِمُ الجَلاءَ لَعَذَّبَهُم فِي الدُّنيا ۖ وَلَهُم فِي الآخِرَةِ عَذابُ النّارِ
wa-law-lā ʾan kataba llāhu ʿalayhimu l-jalāʾa la-ʿadhdhabahum fī d-dunyā wa-lahum fī l-ʾākhirati ʿadhābu n-nāri
If Allah had not ordained banishment for them,He would have surely punished them in this world,and in the Hereafter there is for themthe punishment of the Fire.
4
ذٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُم شاقُّوا اللَّهَ وَرَسولَهُ ۖ وَمَن يُشاقِّ اللَّهَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ شَديدُ العِقابِ
dhālika bi-ʾannahum shāqqū llāha wa-rasūlahū wa-man yushāqqi llāha fa-ʾinna llāha shadīdu l-ʿiqābi
That is because they defied Allah and His Apostle;and whoever defies Allah,indeed Allah is severe in retribution.
5
ما قَطَعتُم مِن لينَةٍ أَو تَرَكتُموها قائِمَةً عَلىٰ أُصولِها فَبِإِذنِ اللَّهِ وَلِيُخزِيَ الفاسِقينَ
mā qaṭaʿtum min līnatin ʾaw taraktumūhā qāʾimatan ʿalā ʾuṣūlihā fa-bi-ʾidhni llāhi wa-li-yukhziya l-fāsiqīna
Whatever palm trees you cut downor left standing on their roots,it was by Allah’s will,and in order that He may disgrace the transgressors.
6
وَما أَفاءَ اللَّهُ عَلىٰ رَسولِهِ مِنهُم فَما أَوجَفتُم عَلَيهِ مِن خَيلٍ وَلا رِكابٍ وَلٰكِنَّ اللَّهَ يُسَلِّطُ رُسُلَهُ عَلىٰ مَن يَشاءُ ۚ وَاللَّهُ عَلىٰ كُلِّ شَيءٍ قَديرٌ
wa-mā ʾafāʾa llāhu ʿalā rasūlihī minhum fa-mā ʾawjaftum ʿalayhi min khaylin wa-lā rikābin wa-lākinna llāha yusalliṭu rusulahū ʿalā man yashāʾu wa-llāhu ʿalā kulli shayʾin qadīrun
The spoils that Allah gave to His Apostle from them,you did not spur any horse for its sake,nor any riding camel,but Allah makes His apostles prevailover whomever He wishes,and Allah has power over all things.
7
ما أَفاءَ اللَّهُ عَلىٰ رَسولِهِ مِن أَهلِ القُرىٰ فَلِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسولِ وَلِذِي القُربىٰ وَاليَتامىٰ وَالمَساكينِ وَابنِ السَّبيلِ كَي لا يَكونَ دولَةً بَينَ الأَغنِياءِ مِنكُم ۚ وَما آتاكُمُ الرَّسولُ فَخُذوهُ وَما نَهاكُم عَنهُ فَانتَهوا ۚ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ ۖ إِنَّ اللَّهَ شَديدُ العِقابِ
mā ʾafāʾa llāhu ʿalā rasūlihī min ʾahli l-qurā fa-li-llāhi wa-li-r-rasūli wa-li-dhī l-qurbā wa-l-yatāmā wa-l-masākīni wa-bni s-sabīli kay lā yakūna dūlatan bayna l-ʾaghniyāʾi minkum wa-mā ʾātākumu r-rasūlu fa-khudhūhu wa-mā nahākum ʿanhu fa-ntahū wa-ttaqū llāha ʾinna llāha shadīdu l-ʿiqābi
The spoils that Allah gave to His Apostlefrom the people of the townships,are for Allah and the Apostle,the relatives1 and the orphans,the needy and the traveller,so thatthey do not circulate among the rich among you.Take whatever the Apostle gives you,and relinquish whatever he forbids you,and be wary of Allah.Indeed Allah is severe in retribution.That is, of the Prophet (ṣ), the Banū Hāshim.
8
لِلفُقَراءِ المُهاجِرينَ الَّذينَ أُخرِجوا مِن دِيارِهِم وَأَموالِهِم يَبتَغونَ فَضلًا مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرِضوانًا وَيَنصُرونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسولَهُ ۚ أُولٰئِكَ هُمُ الصّادِقونَ
li-l-fuqarāʾi l-muhājirīna lladhīna ʾukhrijū min diyārihim wa-ʾamwālihim yabtaghūna faḍlan mina llāhi wa-riḍwānan wa-yanṣurūna llāha wa-rasūlahū ʾulāʾika humu ṣ-ṣādiqūna
[They are also] for the poor Emigrantswho have been expelled from their homesand [wrested of] their possessions,who seek grace from Allah and [His] pleasureand help Allah and His Apostle.It is they who are the truthful.1That is, true and loyal to their covenant with Allah and His Apostle.
9
وَالَّذينَ تَبَوَّءُوا الدّارَ وَالإيمانَ مِن قَبلِهِم يُحِبّونَ مَن هاجَرَ إِلَيهِم وَلا يَجِدونَ في صُدورِهِم حاجَةً مِمّا أوتوا وَيُؤثِرونَ عَلىٰ أَنفُسِهِم وَلَو كانَ بِهِم خَصاصَةٌ ۚ وَمَن يوقَ شُحَّ نَفسِهِ فَأُولٰئِكَ هُمُ المُفلِحونَ
wa-lladhīna tabawwaʾū d-dāra wa-l-ʾīmāna min qablihim yuḥibbūna man hājara ʾilayhim wa-lā yajidūna fī ṣudūrihim ḥājatan mimmā ʾūtū wa-yuʾthirūna ʿalā ʾanfusihim wa-law kāna bihim khaṣāṣatun wa-man yūqa shuḥḥa nafsihī fa-ʾulāʾika humu l-mufliḥūna
[They are as well] for those who were settled in the land1and [abided] in faith before them,who love those who migrate toward them,and do not find in their breasts any needfor that which is given to them,2but prefer [the Immigrants] to themselves,though poverty be their own lot.And those who are saved from their own greed—it is they who are the felicitous.That is, Madīnah, to which the early Muslims migrated with the Prophet (ṣ).That is, to the Immigrants.
10
وَالَّذينَ جاءوا مِن بَعدِهِم يَقولونَ رَبَّنَا اغفِر لَنا وَلِإِخوانِنَا الَّذينَ سَبَقونا بِالإيمانِ وَلا تَجعَل في قُلوبِنا غِلًّا لِلَّذينَ آمَنوا رَبَّنا إِنَّكَ رَءوفٌ رَحيمٌ
wa-lladhīna jāʾū min baʿdihim yaqūlūna rabbanā ghfir lanā wa-li-ʾikhwāninā lladhīna sabaqūnā bi-l-ʾīmāni wa-lā tajʿal fī qulūbinā ghillan li-lladhīna ʾāmanū rabbanā ʾinnaka raʾūfun raḥīmun
And [also for] those who came in after them,who say, ‘Our Lord,forgive us and our brethrenwho were our forerunners in the faith,and do not put any rancour in our heartstoward the faithful.Our Lord, You are indeed most kind and merciful.’
11
۞ أَلَم تَرَ إِلَى الَّذينَ نافَقوا يَقولونَ لِإِخوانِهِمُ الَّذينَ كَفَروا مِن أَهلِ الكِتابِ لَئِن أُخرِجتُم لَنَخرُجَنَّ مَعَكُم وَلا نُطيعُ فيكُم أَحَدًا أَبَدًا وَإِن قوتِلتُم لَنَنصُرَنَّكُم وَاللَّهُ يَشهَدُ إِنَّهُم لَكاذِبونَ
ʾa-lam tara ʾilā lladhīna nāfaqū yaqūlūna li-ʾikhwānihimu lladhīna kafarū min ʾahli l-kitābi la-ʾin ʾukhrijtum la-nakhrujanna maʿakum wa-lā nuṭīʿu fīkum ʾaḥadan ʾabadan wa-ʾin qūtiltum la-nanṣurannakum wa-llāhu yashhadu ʾinnahum la-kādhibūna
Have you not regarded the hypocriteswho say to their brethren,the faithless from among the People of the Book:‘If you are expelled,we will surely go out with you,and we will never obey anyone against you,and if you are fought againstwe will surely help you,’and Allah bears witness that they are indeed liars.
12
لَئِن أُخرِجوا لا يَخرُجونَ مَعَهُم وَلَئِن قوتِلوا لا يَنصُرونَهُم وَلَئِن نَصَروهُم لَيُوَلُّنَّ الأَدبارَ ثُمَّ لا يُنصَرونَ
la-ʾin ʾukhrijū lā yakhrujūna maʿahum wa-la-ʾin qūtilū lā yanṣurūnahum wa-la-ʾin naṣarūhum la-yuwallunna l-ʾadbāra thumma lā yunṣarūna
Surely, if they were expelledthey would not go out with them,and if they were fought againstthey would not help them,and were they to help themthey would surely turn their backs [to flee]and then1 they would not be helped.That is, the faithless from among the People of the Book.
13
لَأَنتُم أَشَدُّ رَهبَةً في صُدورِهِم مِنَ اللَّهِ ۚ ذٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُم قَومٌ لا يَفقَهونَ
la-ʾantum ʾashaddu rahbatan fī ṣudūrihim mina llāhi dhālika bi-ʾannahum qawmun lā yafqahūna
Indeed they have a greater awe of you in their heartsthan of Allah.That is because they are a lot who do not understand.
14
لا يُقاتِلونَكُم جَميعًا إِلّا في قُرًى مُحَصَّنَةٍ أَو مِن وَراءِ جُدُرٍ ۚ بَأسُهُم بَينَهُم شَديدٌ ۚ تَحسَبُهُم جَميعًا وَقُلوبُهُم شَتّىٰ ۚ ذٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُم قَومٌ لا يَعقِلونَ
lā yuqātilūnakum jamīʿan ʾillā fī quran muḥaṣṣanatin ʾaw min warāʾi judurin baʾsuhum baynahum shadīdun taḥsabuhum jamīʿan wa-qulūbuhum shattā dhālika bi-ʾannahum qawmun lā yaʿqilūna
They will not fight against you in a bodyexcept in fortified townshipsor from behind walls.Their might is great among themselves.You suppose them to be a body,but their hearts are disunited.That is becausethey are a lot who do not apply reason,
15
كَمَثَلِ الَّذينَ مِن قَبلِهِم قَريبًا ۖ ذاقوا وَبالَ أَمرِهِم وَلَهُم عَذابٌ أَليمٌ
ka-mathali lladhīna min qablihim qarīban dhāqū wabāla ʾamrihim wa-lahum ʿadhābun ʾalīmun
like those who, recently before them,tasted the evil consequences of their conduct,and there is a painful punishment for them.
16
كَمَثَلِ الشَّيطانِ إِذ قالَ لِلإِنسانِ اكفُر فَلَمّا كَفَرَ قالَ إِنّي بَريءٌ مِنكَ إِنّي أَخافُ اللَّهَ رَبَّ العالَمينَ
ka-mathali sh-shayṭāni ʾidh qāla li-l-ʾinsāni kfur fa-lammā kafara qāla ʾinnī barīʾun minka ʾinnī ʾakhāfu llāha rabba l-ʿālamīna
[Or] like Satan,when he prompts man to renounce faith,then, when he renounces faith,he says, ‘Indeed I am absolved of you.Indeed I fear Allah,the Lord of all the worlds.’
17
فَكانَ عاقِبَتَهُما أَنَّهُما فِي النّارِ خالِدَينِ فيها ۚ وَذٰلِكَ جَزاءُ الظّالِمينَ
fa-kāna ʿāqibatahumā ʾannahumā fī n-nāri khālidayni fīhā wa-dhālika jazāʾu ẓ-ẓālimīna
So the fate of both is that they will be in the Fire,to remain in it [forever].Such is the requital of the wrongdoers.
18
يا أَيُّهَا الَّذينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَلتَنظُر نَفسٌ ما قَدَّمَت لِغَدٍ ۖ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ خَبيرٌ بِما تَعمَلونَ
yā-ʾayyuhā lladhīna ʾāmanū ttaqū llāha wa-l-tanẓur nafsun mā qaddamat li-ghadin wa-ttaqū llāha ʾinna llāha khabīrun bi-mā taʿmalūna
O you who have faith!Be wary of Allah,and let every soul consider what it sends ahead1for tomorrow,and be wary of Allah.Allah is indeed well aware of what you do.Or ‘prepares,’ or ‘makes ready.’
19
وَلا تَكونوا كَالَّذينَ نَسُوا اللَّهَ فَأَنساهُم أَنفُسَهُم ۚ أُولٰئِكَ هُمُ الفاسِقونَ
wa-lā takūnū ka-lladhīna nasū llāha fa-ʾansāhum ʾanfusahum ʾulāʾika humu l-fāsiqūna
And do not be like those who forget Allah,so He makes them forget their own souls.It is they who are the transgressors.
20
لا يَستَوي أَصحابُ النّارِ وَأَصحابُ الجَنَّةِ ۚ أَصحابُ الجَنَّةِ هُمُ الفائِزونَ
lā yastawī ʾaṣḥābu n-nāri wa-ʾaṣḥābu l-jannati ʾaṣḥābu l-jannati humu l-fāʾizūna
Not equal are the inmates of the Fireand the inhabitants of paradise.It is the inhabitants of paradisewho are the successful ones.
21
لَو أَنزَلنا هٰذَا القُرآنَ عَلىٰ جَبَلٍ لَرَأَيتَهُ خاشِعًا مُتَصَدِّعًا مِن خَشيَةِ اللَّهِ ۚ وَتِلكَ الأَمثالُ نَضرِبُها لِلنّاسِ لَعَلَّهُم يَتَفَكَّرونَ
law ʾanzalnā hādhā l-qurʾāna ʿalā l-jabalin la-raʾaytahū khāshiʿan mutaṣaddiʿan min khashyati llāhi wa-tilka l-ʾamthālu naḍribuhā li-n-nāsi laʿallahum yatafakkarūna
Had We sent down this Qurʾānupon a mountain,you would have surely seen it humbled[and] go to pieces with the fear of Allah.We draw such comparisons for mankind,so that they may reflect.
22
هُوَ اللَّهُ الَّذي لا إِلٰهَ إِلّا هُوَ ۖ عالِمُ الغَيبِ وَالشَّهادَةِ ۖ هُوَ الرَّحمٰنُ الرَّحيمُ
huwa llāhu lladhī lā ʾilāha ʾillā huwa ʿālimu l-ghaybi wa-sh-shahādati huwa r-raḥmānu r-raḥīmu
He is Allah—there is no god except Him—Knower of the sensible and the Unseen,He is the All-beneficent, the All-merciful.
23
هُوَ اللَّهُ الَّذي لا إِلٰهَ إِلّا هُوَ المَلِكُ القُدّوسُ السَّلامُ المُؤمِنُ المُهَيمِنُ العَزيزُ الجَبّارُ المُتَكَبِّرُ ۚ سُبحانَ اللَّهِ عَمّا يُشرِكونَ
huwa llāhu lladhī lā ʾilāha ʾillā huwa l-maliku l-quddūsu s-salāmu l-muʾminu l-muhayminu l-ʿazīzu l-jabbāru l-mutakabbiru subḥāna llāhi ʿammā yushrikūna
He is Allah—there is no god except Him—the Sovereign, the All-holy,the All-benign,1 the Securer, the All-conserver,the All-mighty, the All-compeller,the All-magnanimous.Clear is Allahof any partners that they may ascribe [to Him]!Or ‘the Impeccable.’
24
هُوَ اللَّهُ الخالِقُ البارِئُ المُصَوِّرُ ۖ لَهُ الأَسماءُ الحُسنىٰ ۚ يُسَبِّحُ لَهُ ما فِي السَّماواتِ وَالأَرضِ ۖ وَهُوَ العَزيزُ الحَكيمُ
huwa llāhu l-khāliqu l-bāriʾu l-muṣawwiru lahu l-ʾasmāʾu l-ḥusnā yusabbiḥu lahū mā fī s-samāwāti wa-l-ʾarḍi wa-huwa l-ʿazīzu l-ḥakīmu
He is Allah, the Creator,the Maker, the Former.To Him belong the Best Names.Whatever there is in the heavens glorifies Himand [whatever there is in] the earth,and He is the All-mighty, the All-wise.