The surah that mentions the story of The Cow designated by God for sacrificial oering, whereby He tested the sincerity of faith of the Children of Israel after their deliverance from Pharaoh. Its name is taken from the story of the cow (baqarah) mentioned in verse 67 . The surah comprises five principal sections, where the addressee shifts as the surah progresses. The first section (verse 1 .) mentions the revelation; the dynamics of belief and unbelief; and the story of Adam. The next section (verse 40 .) is an address to the Children of Israel, which highlights there shortcomings in the time of Moses and in Muḥammad’s own day. They are urged to serve God who has been so gracious to them (they are reminded that God created Adam and favoured him over the angels), the Children of Israel. This is followed (verse 122 .) by a final appeal to the Children of Israel to agree with the Muslims on the basis of the religion of Abraham, which predate the covenant with Moses. Verse 135 . marks the beginning of the fourth section, which consists mainly of legal provisions for the newly-established community. The fifth and final section (verse 243 .) also contains some legislation, but the primary emphasis is on striving for God with your life and property. The last tree ayahs (verse 284 .), draw together a number of themes encountered earlier in the surah.The surah is also known as The Heifer
1
الم
a-l-m (ʾalif lām mīm)
Alif, Lām, Mīm.
2
ذٰلِكَ الكِتابُ لا رَيبَ ۛ فيهِ ۛ هُدًى لِلمُتَّقينَ
dhālika l-kitābu lā rayba fīhi hudan li-l-muttaqīna
This is the Book,1 there is no doubt in it,a guidance to the Godwary,2The term ‘the Book’ in the Qurʾān, in such contexts, means a Divine scripture.Or ‘This Book, in which there is no doubt, is guidance to the Godwary.’ Or ‘This Book is no doubt a guidance to the Godwary.’
3
الَّذينَ يُؤمِنونَ بِالغَيبِ وَيُقيمونَ الصَّلاةَ وَمِمّا رَزَقناهُم يُنفِقونَ
alladhīna yuʾminūna bi-l-ghaybi wa-yuqīmūna ṣ-ṣalāta wa-mimmā razaqnāhum yunfiqūna
who believe in the Unseen,and maintain the prayer,and spend1 out of what We have provided for them;The expression ‘to spend’ is used in the Qurʾān elliptically to mean spending in the way of Allah and for the sake of His pleasure. Cf. 2:195, 261-262, 272; 8:60; 9:34; 47:38; 57:10.
4
وَالَّذينَ يُؤمِنونَ بِما أُنزِلَ إِلَيكَ وَما أُنزِلَ مِن قَبلِكَ وَبِالآخِرَةِ هُم يوقِنونَ
wa-lladhīna yuʾminūna bi-mā ʾunzila ʾilayka wa-mā ʾunzila min qablika wa-bi-l-ʾākhirati hum yūqinūna
and who believe in what has been sent down to you1and what was sent down before you,and are certain of the Hereafter.That is, the Prophet, may Allah bless him and his Household. Throughout this translation whenever the pronoun ‘you’ refers to the second person singular in the Arabic and is meant as an address to the Prophet, it has been italicized (for similar reasons, also the related verbs) in order to distinguish it from cases where it stands for the second person plural. This is to avoid the use of ‘thee’ and ‘thou,’ which are, unfortunately, archaic in contemporary English.
5
أُولٰئِكَ عَلىٰ هُدًى مِن رَبِّهِم ۖ وَأُولٰئِكَ هُمُ المُفلِحونَ
ʾulāʾika ʿalā hudan min rabbihim wa-ʾulāʾika humu l-mufliḥūna
Those follow their Lord’s guidance,and it is they who are the felicitous.
6
إِنَّ الَّذينَ كَفَروا سَواءٌ عَلَيهِم أَأَنذَرتَهُم أَم لَم تُنذِرهُم لا يُؤمِنونَ
ʾinna lladhīna kafarū sawāʾun ʿalayhim ʾa-ʾandhartahum ʾam lam tundhirhum lā yuʾminūna
As for the faithless, it is the same to themwhether you warn them or do not warn them,they will not have faith.
7
خَتَمَ اللَّهُ عَلىٰ قُلوبِهِم وَعَلىٰ سَمعِهِم ۖ وَعَلىٰ أَبصارِهِم غِشاوَةٌ ۖ وَلَهُم عَذابٌ عَظيمٌ
khatama llāhu ʿalā qulūbihim wa-ʿalā samʿihim wa-ʿalā ʾabṣārihim ghishāwatun wa-lahum ʿadhābun ʿaẓīmun
Allah has set a seal on their heartsand their hearing,and there is a blindfold on their sight,1and there is a great punishment for them.The hearing and sight, often mentioned in the Qurʾān, refer to the inner spiritual hearing and vision by the means of which someone possessing faith apprehends the reality lying beyond the physical realm. Cf. 2:17, 20; 3:13; 6:46, 50, 104, 110; 7:179, 198; 10:43; 11:20, 24; 13:16; 16:108; 19:38; 22:46; 24:44; 32:12; 35:19; 36:66; 40:58; 45:23; 46:26; 47:23; 50:22; 59:2.
8
وَمِنَ النّاسِ مَن يَقولُ آمَنّا بِاللَّهِ وَبِاليَومِ الآخِرِ وَما هُم بِمُؤمِنينَ
wa-mina n-nāsi man yaqūlu ʾāmannā bi-llāhi wa-bi-l-yawmi l-ʾākhiri wa-mā hum bi-muʾminīna
And among the people are those who say,‘We have faith in Allah and the Last Day,’but they have no faith.
9
يُخادِعونَ اللَّهَ وَالَّذينَ آمَنوا وَما يَخدَعونَ إِلّا أَنفُسَهُم وَما يَشعُرونَ
yukhādiʿūna llāha wa-lladhīna ʾāmanū wa-mā yakhdaʿūna ʾillā ʾanfusahum wa-mā yashʿurūna
They seek to deceive Allahand those who have faith,yet they deceive no one but themselves,but they are not aware.
10
في قُلوبِهِم مَرَضٌ فَزادَهُمُ اللَّهُ مَرَضًا ۖ وَلَهُم عَذابٌ أَليمٌ بِما كانوا يَكذِبونَ
fī qulūbihim maraḍun fa-zādahumu llāhu maraḍan wa-lahum ʿadhābun ʾalīmun bi-mā kānū yakdhibūna
There is a sickness in their hearts;then Allah increased their sickness,and there is a painful punishment for thembecause of the lies they used to tell.
11
وَإِذا قيلَ لَهُم لا تُفسِدوا فِي الأَرضِ قالوا إِنَّما نَحنُ مُصلِحونَ
wa-ʾidhā qīla lahum lā tufsidū fī l-ʾarḍi qālū ʾinnamā naḥnu muṣliḥūna
When they are told,‘Do not cause corruption on the earth,’they say, ‘We are only reformers!’
12
أَلا إِنَّهُم هُمُ المُفسِدونَ وَلٰكِن لا يَشعُرونَ
ʾa-lā ʾinnahum humu l-mufsidūna wa-lākin lā yashʿurūna
Look! They are themselves the agents of corruption,but they are not aware.
13
وَإِذا قيلَ لَهُم آمِنوا كَما آمَنَ النّاسُ قالوا أَنُؤمِنُ كَما آمَنَ السُّفَهاءُ ۗ أَلا إِنَّهُم هُمُ السُّفَهاءُ وَلٰكِن لا يَعلَمونَ
wa-ʾidhā qīla lahum ʾāminū ka-mā ʾāmana n-nāsu qālū ʾa-nuʾminu ka-mā ʾāmana s-sufahāʾu ʾa-lā ʾinnahum humu s-sufahāʾu wa-lākin lā yaʿlamūna
And when they are told,‘Believe like the people who have believed,’they say, ‘Shall we believelike the fools who have believed?’Look! They are themselves the fools,but they do not know.
14
وَإِذا لَقُوا الَّذينَ آمَنوا قالوا آمَنّا وَإِذا خَلَوا إِلىٰ شَياطينِهِم قالوا إِنّا مَعَكُم إِنَّما نَحنُ مُستَهزِئونَ
wa-ʾidhā laqū lladhīna ʾāmanū qālū ʾāmannā wa-ʾidhā khalaw ʾilā shayāṭīnihim qālū ʾinnā maʿakum ʾinnamā naḥnu mustahziʾūna
When they meet the faithful,they say, ‘We believe,’but when they are alone with their devils,they say, ‘We are with you;we were only deriding [them].’
15
اللَّهُ يَستَهزِئُ بِهِم وَيَمُدُّهُم في طُغيانِهِم يَعمَهونَ
allāhu yastahziʾu bihim wa-yamudduhum fī ṭughyānihim yaʿmahūna
It is Allah who derides them,1and leaves them bewildered in their rebellion.That is, by letting them imagine that they are mocking the faithful.
16
أُولٰئِكَ الَّذينَ اشتَرَوُا الضَّلالَةَ بِالهُدىٰ فَما رَبِحَت تِجارَتُهُم وَما كانوا مُهتَدينَ
ʾulāʾika lladhīna shtarawu ḍ-ḍalālata bi-l-hudā fa-mā rabiḥat tijāratuhum wa-mā kānū muhtadīna
They are the ones who bought errorfor guidance,so their trade did not profit them,nor were they guided.
17
مَثَلُهُم كَمَثَلِ الَّذِي استَوقَدَ نارًا فَلَمّا أَضاءَت ما حَولَهُ ذَهَبَ اللَّهُ بِنورِهِم وَتَرَكَهُم في ظُلُماتٍ لا يُبصِرونَ
mathaluhum ka-mathali lladhī stawqada nāran fa-lammā ʾaḍāʾat mā ḥawlahū dhahaba llāhu bi-nūrihim wa-tarakahum fī ẓulumātin lā yubṣirūna
Their parableis that of one who lighted a torch,and when it had lit up all around him,Allah took away their light,and left them sightless in a manifold darkness.1The one who lights the torch in the parable is the Prophet (ṣ), who illuminated the spiritual horizons of the Arabia of those days with the message of Islam. But the hypocrites, with their inward blindness, did not benefit from its light and continued to remain in the darkness of their faithlessness.
18
صُمٌّ بُكمٌ عُميٌ فَهُم لا يَرجِعونَ
ṣummun bukmun ʿumyun fa-hum lā yarjiʿūna
Deaf, dumb, and blind,they will not come back.
19
أَو كَصَيِّبٍ مِنَ السَّماءِ فيهِ ظُلُماتٌ وَرَعدٌ وَبَرقٌ يَجعَلونَ أَصابِعَهُم في آذانِهِم مِنَ الصَّواعِقِ حَذَرَ المَوتِ ۚ وَاللَّهُ مُحيطٌ بِالكافِرينَ
ʾaw ka-ṣayyibin mina s-samāʾi fīhi ẓ-ẓulumātun wa-raʿdun wa-barqun yajʿalūna ʾaṣābiʿahum fī ʾādhānihim mina ṣ-ṣawāʿiqi ḥadhara l-mawti wa-llāhu muḥīṭun bi-l-kāfirīna
Or that of a rainstorm from the sky,wherein is darkness, thunder, and lightning:they put their fingers in their earsdue to the thunderclaps, apprehensive of death;and Allah besieges the faithless.1This is another parable for the condition of the hypocrites. In it the Prophet’s mission, with its downpour of Divine knowledge, the accompanying light of guidance, along with the hardships of struggle against polytheism and injustice, is likened to a rainstorm.
20
يَكادُ البَرقُ يَخطَفُ أَبصارَهُم ۖ كُلَّما أَضاءَ لَهُم مَشَوا فيهِ وَإِذا أَظلَمَ عَلَيهِم قاموا ۚ وَلَو شاءَ اللَّهُ لَذَهَبَ بِسَمعِهِم وَأَبصارِهِم ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلىٰ كُلِّ شَيءٍ قَديرٌ
yakādu l-barqu yakhṭafu ʾabṣārahum kullamā ʾaḍāʾa lahum mashaw fīhi wa-ʾidhā ʾaẓlama ʿalayhim qāmū wa-law shāʾa llāhu la-dhahaba bi-samʿihim wa-ʾabṣārihim ʾinna llāha ʿalā kulli shayʾin qadīrun
The lightning almost snatches away their sight:whenever it shines for them, they walk in it,and when the darkness falls upon them, they stand.Had Allah willed,He would have taken away their hearingand their sight.Indeed Allah has power over all things.
21
يا أَيُّهَا النّاسُ اعبُدوا رَبَّكُمُ الَّذي خَلَقَكُم وَالَّذينَ مِن قَبلِكُم لَعَلَّكُم تَتَّقونَ
yā-ʾayyuhā n-nāsu ʿbudū rabbakumu lladhī khalaqakum wa-lladhīna min qablikum laʿallakum tattaqūna
O mankind! Worship your Lord,who created youand those who were before you,so that you may be Godwary.
22
الَّذي جَعَلَ لَكُمُ الأَرضَ فِراشًا وَالسَّماءَ بِناءً وَأَنزَلَ مِنَ السَّماءِ ماءً فَأَخرَجَ بِهِ مِنَ الثَّمَراتِ رِزقًا لَكُم ۖ فَلا تَجعَلوا لِلَّهِ أَندادًا وَأَنتُم تَعلَمونَ
alladhī jaʿala lakumu l-ʾarḍa firāshan wa-s-samāʾa bināʾan wa-ʾanzala mina s-samāʾi māʾan fa-ʾakhraja bihī mina th-thamarāti rizqan lakum fa-lā tajʿalū li-llāhi ʾandādan wa-ʾantum taʿlamūna
He who made the earth a place of repose for you,and the sky a canopy,and He sends down water from the sky,and with it He brings forth cropsfor your sustenance.So do not set up equals to Allah,while you know.
23
وَإِن كُنتُم في رَيبٍ مِمّا نَزَّلنا عَلىٰ عَبدِنا فَأتوا بِسورَةٍ مِن مِثلِهِ وَادعوا شُهَداءَكُم مِن دونِ اللَّهِ إِن كُنتُم صادِقينَ
wa-ʾin kuntum fī raybin mimmā nazzalnā ʿalā ʿabdinā fa-ʾtū bi-sūratin min mithlihī wa-dʿū shuhadāʾakum min dūni llāhi ʾin kuntum ṣādiqīna
And if you are in doubtconcerning what We have sent downto Our servant,then bring a sūrah like it,and invoke your helpers besides Allah,should you be truthful.
24
فَإِن لَم تَفعَلوا وَلَن تَفعَلوا فَاتَّقُوا النّارَ الَّتي وَقودُهَا النّاسُ وَالحِجارَةُ ۖ أُعِدَّت لِلكافِرينَ
fa-ʾin lam tafʿalū wa-lan tafʿalū fa-ttaqū n-nāra llatī waqūduhā n-nāsu wa-l-ḥijāratu ʾuʿiddat li-l-kāfirīna
And if you do not—and you will not—then beware the Fire whose fuel will be humansand stones,prepared for the faithless.
25
وَبَشِّرِ الَّذينَ آمَنوا وَعَمِلُوا الصّالِحاتِ أَنَّ لَهُم جَنّاتٍ تَجري مِن تَحتِهَا الأَنهارُ ۖ كُلَّما رُزِقوا مِنها مِن ثَمَرَةٍ رِزقًا ۙ قالوا هٰذَا الَّذي رُزِقنا مِن قَبلُ ۖ وَأُتوا بِهِ مُتَشابِهًا ۖ وَلَهُم فيها أَزواجٌ مُطَهَّرَةٌ ۖ وَهُم فيها خالِدونَ
wa-bashshiri lladhīna ʾāmanū wa-ʿamilū ṣ-ṣāliḥāti ʾanna lahum jannātin tajrī min taḥtihā l-ʾanhāru kullamā ruziqū minhā min thamaratin rizqan qālū hādhā lladhī ruziqnā min qablu wa-ʾutū bihī mutashābihan wa-lahum fīhā ʾazwājun muṭahharatun wa-hum fīhā khālidūna
And give good news to those who have faithand do righteous deeds,that for them shall be gardenswith streams running in them:whenever they are provided with their fruitfor nourishment,they will say,‘This is what we were provided before,’and they were given something resembling it.In it there will be chaste mates for them,and they will remain in it [forever].
26
۞ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لا يَستَحيي أَن يَضرِبَ مَثَلًا ما بَعوضَةً فَما فَوقَها ۚ فَأَمَّا الَّذينَ آمَنوا فَيَعلَمونَ أَنَّهُ الحَقُّ مِن رَبِّهِم ۖ وَأَمَّا الَّذينَ كَفَروا فَيَقولونَ ماذا أَرادَ اللَّهُ بِهٰذا مَثَلًا ۘ يُضِلُّ بِهِ كَثيرًا وَيَهدي بِهِ كَثيرًا ۚ وَما يُضِلُّ بِهِ إِلَّا الفاسِقينَ
ʾinna llāha lā yastaḥyī ʾan yaḍriba mathalan mā baʿūḍatan fa-mā fawqahā fa-ʾammā lladhīna ʾāmanū fa-yaʿlamūna ʾannahu l-ḥaqqu min rabbihim wa-ʾammā lladhīna kafarū fa-yaqūlūna mādhā ʾarāda llāhu bi-hādhā mathalan yuḍillu bihī kathīran wa-yahdī bihī kathīran wa-mā yuḍillu bihī ʾillā l-fāsiqīna
Indeed Allah is not ashamed to draw a parablewhether it is that of a gnat or something above it.As for those who have faith,they know it is the truth from their Lord;and as for the faithless, they say,‘What did Allah mean by this parable?’Thereby He leads many astray,and thereby He guides many;and He leads no one astray therebyexcept the transgressors
27
الَّذينَ يَنقُضونَ عَهدَ اللَّهِ مِن بَعدِ ميثاقِهِ وَيَقطَعونَ ما أَمَرَ اللَّهُ بِهِ أَن يوصَلَ وَيُفسِدونَ فِي الأَرضِ ۚ أُولٰئِكَ هُمُ الخاسِرونَ
alladhīna yanquḍūna ʿahda llāhi min baʿdi mīthāqihī wa-yaqṭaʿūna mā ʾamara llāhu bihī ʾan yūṣala wa-yufsidūna fī l-ʾarḍi ʾulāʾika humu l-khāsirūna
—those who break the covenant made with Allahafter having pledged it solemnly,and severwhat Allah has commanded to be joined,and cause corruption on the earth—it is they who are the losers.
28
كَيفَ تَكفُرونَ بِاللَّهِ وَكُنتُم أَمواتًا فَأَحياكُم ۖ ثُمَّ يُميتُكُم ثُمَّ يُحييكُم ثُمَّ إِلَيهِ تُرجَعونَ
kayfa takfurūna bi-llāhi wa-kuntum ʾamwātan fa-ʾaḥyākum thumma yumītukum thumma yuḥyīkum thumma ʾilayhi turjaʿūna
How can you be unfaithful to Allah,[seeing that] you were lifelessand He gave you life,then He will make you die,and then He shall bring you to life,and then you will be brought back to Him?
29
هُوَ الَّذي خَلَقَ لَكُم ما فِي الأَرضِ جَميعًا ثُمَّ استَوىٰ إِلَى السَّماءِ فَسَوّاهُنَّ سَبعَ سَماواتٍ ۚ وَهُوَ بِكُلِّ شَيءٍ عَليمٌ
huwa lladhī khalaqa lakum mā fī l-ʾarḍi jamīʿan thumma stawā ʾilā s-samāʾi fa-sawwāhunna sabʿa samāwātin wa-huwa bi-kulli shayʾin ʿalīmun
It is He who created for youall that is in the earth,then He turned to the heaven,and fashioned it into seven heavens,and He has knowledge of all things.
30
وَإِذ قالَ رَبُّكَ لِلمَلائِكَةِ إِنّي جاعِلٌ فِي الأَرضِ خَليفَةً ۖ قالوا أَتَجعَلُ فيها مَن يُفسِدُ فيها وَيَسفِكُ الدِّماءَ وَنَحنُ نُسَبِّحُ بِحَمدِكَ وَنُقَدِّسُ لَكَ ۖ قالَ إِنّي أَعلَمُ ما لا تَعلَمونَ
wa-ʾidh qāla rabbuka li-l-malāʾikati ʾinnī jāʿilun fī l-ʾarḍi khalīfatan qālū ʾa-tajʿalu fīhā man yufsidu fīhā wa-yasfiku d-dimāʾa wa-naḥnu nusabbiḥu bi-ḥamdika wa-nuqaddisu laka qāla ʾinnī ʾaʿlamu mā lā taʿlamūna
When your Lord said to the angels,‘Indeed I am going to set a viceroy on the earth,’they said, ‘Will You set in itsomeone who will cause corruption in it,and shed blood,while we celebrate Your praiseand proclaim Your sanctity?’He said, ‘Indeed I know what you do not know.’
31
وَعَلَّمَ آدَمَ الأَسماءَ كُلَّها ثُمَّ عَرَضَهُم عَلَى المَلائِكَةِ فَقالَ أَنبِئوني بِأَسماءِ هٰؤُلاءِ إِن كُنتُم صادِقينَ
wa-ʿallama ʾādama l-ʾasmāʾa kullahā thumma ʿaraḍahum ʿalā l-malāʾikati fa-qāla ʾanbiʾūnī bi-ʾasmāʾi hāʾulāʾi ʾin kuntum ṣādiqīna
And He taught Adam the Names, all of them;1then presented them2 to the angelsand said, ‘Tell me the names of these,if you are truthful.’It is to be noted that the pronoun in ‘all of them’ [kullahā] is feminine.The pronoun in the phrase ‘He presented them’ [ʿaraḍahum] is masculine, indicating that it does not refer to the ‘Names’ but to their referents.
32
قالوا سُبحانَكَ لا عِلمَ لَنا إِلّا ما عَلَّمتَنا ۖ إِنَّكَ أَنتَ العَليمُ الحَكيمُ
qālū subḥānaka lā ʿilma lanā ʾillā mā ʿallamtanā ʾinnaka ʾanta l-ʿalīmu l-ḥakīmu
They said, ‘Immaculate are You!We have no knowledgeexcept what You have taught us.Indeed You arethe All-knowing, the All-wise.’
33
قالَ يا آدَمُ أَنبِئهُم بِأَسمائِهِم ۖ فَلَمّا أَنبَأَهُم بِأَسمائِهِم قالَ أَلَم أَقُل لَكُم إِنّي أَعلَمُ غَيبَ السَّماواتِ وَالأَرضِ وَأَعلَمُ ما تُبدونَ وَما كُنتُم تَكتُمونَ
qāla yā-ʾādamu ʾanbiʾhum bi-ʾasmāʾihim fa-lammā ʾanbaʾahum bi-ʾasmāʾihim qāla ʾa-lam ʾaqul lakum ʾinnī ʾaʿlamu ghayba s-samāwāti wa-l-ʾarḍi wa-ʾaʿlamu mā tubdūna wa-mā kuntum taktumūna
He said, ‘O Adam,inform them1 of their names,’and when he had informed them of their names,He said, ‘Did I not tell youthat I indeed know the Unseen in the heavensand the earth,and that I know whatever you discloseand whatever you were concealing?’That is, the angels, about the names of those referents.
34
وَإِذ قُلنا لِلمَلائِكَةِ اسجُدوا لِآدَمَ فَسَجَدوا إِلّا إِبليسَ أَبىٰ وَاستَكبَرَ وَكانَ مِنَ الكافِرينَ
wa-ʾidh qulnā li-l-malāʾikati sjudū li-ʾādama fa-sajadū ʾillā ʾiblīsa ʾabā wa-stakbara wa-kāna mina l-kāfirīna
And when We said to the angels,‘Prostrate before Adam,’they prostrated, but not Iblis:he refused and acted arrogantly,and he was one of the faithless.
35
وَقُلنا يا آدَمُ اسكُن أَنتَ وَزَوجُكَ الجَنَّةَ وَكُلا مِنها رَغَدًا حَيثُ شِئتُما وَلا تَقرَبا هٰذِهِ الشَّجَرَةَ فَتَكونا مِنَ الظّالِمينَ
wa-qulnā yā-ʾādamu skun ʾanta wa-zawjuka l-jannata wa-kulā minhā raghadan ḥaythu shiʾtumā wa-lā taqrabā hādhihi sh-shajarata fa-takūnā mina ẓ-ẓālimīna
We said, ‘O Adam,dwell with your mate in paradise,and eat thereof freely whencesoever you wish;but do not approach this tree,lest you should be among the wrongdoers.’
36
فَأَزَلَّهُمَا الشَّيطانُ عَنها فَأَخرَجَهُما مِمّا كانا فيهِ ۖ وَقُلنَا اهبِطوا بَعضُكُم لِبَعضٍ عَدُوٌّ ۖ وَلَكُم فِي الأَرضِ مُستَقَرٌّ وَمَتاعٌ إِلىٰ حينٍ
fa-ʾazallahumā sh-shayṭānu ʿanhā fa-ʾakhrajahumā mimmā kānā fīhi wa-qulnā hbiṭū baʿḍukum li-baʿḍin ʿaduwwun wa-lakum fī l-ʾarḍi mustaqarrun wa-matāʿun ʾilā ḥīnin
Then Satan caused them to stumble from it,and he dislodged them from what they were in;and We said, ‘Get down,being enemies of one another!On the earth shall be your abodeand sustenance for a time.’
37
فَتَلَقّىٰ آدَمُ مِن رَبِّهِ كَلِماتٍ فَتابَ عَلَيهِ ۚ إِنَّهُ هُوَ التَّوّابُ الرَّحيمُ
fa-talaqqā ʾādamu min rabbihī kalimātin fa-tāba ʿalayhi ʾinnahū huwa t-tawwābu r-raḥīmu
Then Adam received certain words from his Lord,and He turned to him clemently.Indeed He is the All-clement, the All-merciful.
38
قُلنَا اهبِطوا مِنها جَميعًا ۖ فَإِمّا يَأتِيَنَّكُم مِنّي هُدًى فَمَن تَبِعَ هُدايَ فَلا خَوفٌ عَلَيهِم وَلا هُم يَحزَنونَ
qulnā hbiṭū minhā jamīʿan fa-ʾimmā yaʾtiyannakum minnī hudan fa-man tabiʿa hudāya fa-lā khawfun ʿalayhim wa-lā hum yaḥzanūna
We said, ‘Get down from it, all together!Yet, should any guidance come to you from Me,those who follow My guidanceshall have no fear,nor shall they grieve.
39
وَالَّذينَ كَفَروا وَكَذَّبوا بِآياتِنا أُولٰئِكَ أَصحابُ النّارِ ۖ هُم فيها خالِدونَ
wa-lladhīna kafarū wa-kadhdhabū bi-ʾāyātinā ʾulāʾika ʾaṣḥābu n-nāri hum fīhā khālidūna
But those who are faithless and deny Our signs,they shall be the inmates of the Fireand they shall remain in it [forever].
40
يا بَني إِسرائيلَ اذكُروا نِعمَتِيَ الَّتي أَنعَمتُ عَلَيكُم وَأَوفوا بِعَهدي أوفِ بِعَهدِكُم وَإِيّايَ فَارهَبونِ
yā-banī ʾisrāʾīla dhkurū niʿmatiya llatī ʾanʿamtu ʿalaykum wa-ʾawfū bi-ʿahdī ʾūfi bi-ʿahdikum wa-ʾiyyāya fa-rhabūni
O Children of Israel,remember My blessing whichI bestowed upon you,and fulfill My covenantthat I may fulfill your covenant,and be in awe of Me [alone].
41
وَآمِنوا بِما أَنزَلتُ مُصَدِّقًا لِما مَعَكُم وَلا تَكونوا أَوَّلَ كافِرٍ بِهِ ۖ وَلا تَشتَروا بِآياتي ثَمَنًا قَليلًا وَإِيّايَ فَاتَّقونِ
wa-ʾāminū bi-mā ʾanzaltu muṣaddiqan li-mā maʿakum wa-lā takūnū ʾawwala kāfirin bihī wa-lā tashtarū bi-ʾāyātī thamanan qalīlan wa-ʾiyyāya fa-ttaqūni
And believe in that which I have sent downconfirming that which is with you,and do not be the first ones to defy it,and do not sell My signs for a paltry gain,and be wary of Me [alone].
42
وَلا تَلبِسُوا الحَقَّ بِالباطِلِ وَتَكتُمُوا الحَقَّ وَأَنتُم تَعلَمونَ
wa-lā talbisū l-ḥaqqa bi-l-bāṭili wa-taktumū l-ḥaqqa wa-ʾantum taʿlamūna
And do not mix the truth with falsehood,nor conceal the truthwhile you know.
43
وَأَقيمُوا الصَّلاةَ وَآتُوا الزَّكاةَ وَاركَعوا مَعَ الرّاكِعينَ
wa-ʾaqīmū ṣ-ṣalāta wa-ʾātū z-zakāta wa-rkaʿū maʿa r-rākiʿīna
And maintain the prayer, and give the zakāt,and bow along with those who bow [in prayer].
44
۞ أَتَأمُرونَ النّاسَ بِالبِرِّ وَتَنسَونَ أَنفُسَكُم وَأَنتُم تَتلونَ الكِتابَ ۚ أَفَلا تَعقِلونَ
ʾa-taʾmurūna n-nāsa bi-l-birri wa-tansawna ʾanfusakum wa-ʾantum tatlūna l-kitāba ʾa-fa-lā taʿqilūna
Will you bid others to pietyand forget yourselves,while you recite the Book?Do you not apply reason?
45
وَاستَعينوا بِالصَّبرِ وَالصَّلاةِ ۚ وَإِنَّها لَكَبيرَةٌ إِلّا عَلَى الخاشِعينَ
wa-staʿīnū bi-ṣ-ṣabri wa-ṣ-ṣalāti wa-ʾinnahā la-kabīratun ʾillā ʿalā l-khāshiʿīna
And take recourse in patienceand prayer,and it1 is indeed hardexcept for the humbleThe pronoun, being feminine, refers to prayer, rather than to patience or to the seeking of recourse.
46
الَّذينَ يَظُنّونَ أَنَّهُم مُلاقو رَبِّهِم وَأَنَّهُم إِلَيهِ راجِعونَ
alladhīna yaẓunnūna ʾannahum mulāqū rabbihim wa-ʾannahum ʾilayhi rājiʿūna
—those who are certainthat they will encounter their Lord,and that they will return to Him.
47
يا بَني إِسرائيلَ اذكُروا نِعمَتِيَ الَّتي أَنعَمتُ عَلَيكُم وَأَنّي فَضَّلتُكُم عَلَى العالَمينَ
yā-banī ʾisrāʾīla dhkurū niʿmatiya llatī ʾanʿamtu ʿalaykum wa-ʾannī faḍḍaltukum ʿalā l-ʿālamīna
O Children of Israel,remember My blessing which I bestowed upon you,and that I gave you an advantage over all the nations.
48
وَاتَّقوا يَومًا لا تَجزي نَفسٌ عَن نَفسٍ شَيئًا وَلا يُقبَلُ مِنها شَفاعَةٌ وَلا يُؤخَذُ مِنها عَدلٌ وَلا هُم يُنصَرونَ
wa-ttaqū yawman lā tajzī nafsun ʿan nafsin shayʾan wa-lā yuqbalu minhā shafāʿatun wa-lā yuʾkhadhu minhā ʿadlun wa-lā hum yunṣarūna
Beware of the daywhen no soul shall compensate for another,neither any intercession shall be accepted from it,nor any ransom shall be received from it,nor will they be helped.
49
وَإِذ نَجَّيناكُم مِن آلِ فِرعَونَ يَسومونَكُم سوءَ العَذابِ يُذَبِّحونَ أَبناءَكُم وَيَستَحيونَ نِساءَكُم ۚ وَفي ذٰلِكُم بَلاءٌ مِن رَبِّكُم عَظيمٌ
wa-ʾidh najjaynākum min ʾāli firʿawna yasūmūnakum sūʾa l-ʿadhābi yudhabbiḥūna ʾabnāʾakum wa-yastaḥyūna nisāʾakum wa-fī dhālikum balāʾun min rabbikum ʿaẓīmun
And when We delivered you from Pharaoh’s clanwho inflicted a terrible torment on you,and slaughtered your sonsand spared your women,and in that there wasa great test from your Lord.
50
وَإِذ فَرَقنا بِكُمُ البَحرَ فَأَنجَيناكُم وَأَغرَقنا آلَ فِرعَونَ وَأَنتُم تَنظُرونَ
wa-ʾidh faraqnā bikumu l-baḥra fa-ʾanjaynākum wa-ʾaghraqnā ʾāla firʿawna wa-ʾantum tanẓurūna
And when We parted the sea with you,1and We delivered youand drowned Pharaoh’s clanas you looked on.That is, through your entering it.
51
وَإِذ واعَدنا موسىٰ أَربَعينَ لَيلَةً ثُمَّ اتَّخَذتُمُ العِجلَ مِن بَعدِهِ وَأَنتُم ظالِمونَ
wa-ʾidh wāʿadnā mūsā ʾarbaʿīna laylatan thumma ttakhadhtumu l-ʿijla min baʿdihī wa-ʾantum ẓālimūna
And when We made an appointment with Mosesfor forty nights,you took up the Calf [for worship]in his absence,and you were wrongdoers.
52
ثُمَّ عَفَونا عَنكُم مِن بَعدِ ذٰلِكَ لَعَلَّكُم تَشكُرونَ
thumma ʿafawnā ʿankum min baʿdi dhālika laʿallakum tashkurūna
Then We excused you after thatso that you might give thanks.
53
وَإِذ آتَينا موسَى الكِتابَ وَالفُرقانَ لَعَلَّكُم تَهتَدونَ
wa-ʾidh ʾātaynā mūsā l-kitāba wa-l-furqāna laʿallakum tahtadūna
And when We gave Moses the Bookand the Criterion1so that you might be guided.That is, that by means of which truth and falsehood are distinguished from each other (cf. 21:48). Elsewhere (3:4; 25:1) the Qurʾān is also called al-Furqān.
54
وَإِذ قالَ موسىٰ لِقَومِهِ يا قَومِ إِنَّكُم ظَلَمتُم أَنفُسَكُم بِاتِّخاذِكُمُ العِجلَ فَتوبوا إِلىٰ بارِئِكُم فَاقتُلوا أَنفُسَكُم ذٰلِكُم خَيرٌ لَكُم عِندَ بارِئِكُم فَتابَ عَلَيكُم ۚ إِنَّهُ هُوَ التَّوّابُ الرَّحيمُ
wa-ʾidh qāla mūsā li-qawmihī yā-qawmi ʾinnakum ẓalamtum ʾanfusakum bi-ttikhādhikumu l-ʿijla fa-tūbū ʾilā bāriʾikum fa-qtulū ʾanfusakum dhālikum khayrun lakum ʿinda bāriʾikum fa-tāba ʿalaykum ʾinnahū huwa t-tawwābu r-raḥīmu
And [recall] when Moses said to his people,‘O my people!You have indeed wronged yourselvesby taking up the Calf [for worship].Now turn penitently to your Maker,and slay [the guilty among] your folks.That will be better for you with your Maker.’Then Heturned to you clemently.Indeed He is the All-clement, the All-merciful.
55
وَإِذ قُلتُم يا موسىٰ لَن نُؤمِنَ لَكَ حَتّىٰ نَرَى اللَّهَ جَهرَةً فَأَخَذَتكُمُ الصّاعِقَةُ وَأَنتُم تَنظُرونَ
wa-ʾidh qultum yā-mūsā lan nuʾmina laka ḥattā narā llāha jahratan fa-ʾakhadhatkumu ṣ-ṣāʿiqatu wa-ʾantum tanẓurūna
And when you said, ‘O Moses,we will not believe youuntil we see Allah visibly.’Thereupon a thunderbolt seized youas you looked on.
56
ثُمَّ بَعَثناكُم مِن بَعدِ مَوتِكُم لَعَلَّكُم تَشكُرونَ
thumma baʿathnākum min baʿdi mawtikum laʿallakum tashkurūna
Then We raised you up after your deathso that you might give thanks.
57
وَظَلَّلنا عَلَيكُمُ الغَمامَ وَأَنزَلنا عَلَيكُمُ المَنَّ وَالسَّلوىٰ ۖ كُلوا مِن طَيِّباتِ ما رَزَقناكُم ۖ وَما ظَلَمونا وَلٰكِن كانوا أَنفُسَهُم يَظلِمونَ
wa-ẓallalnā ʿalaykumu l-ghamāma wa-ʾanzalnā ʿalaykumu l-manna wa-s-salwā kulū min ṭayyibāti mā razaqnākum wa-mā ẓalamūnā wa-lākin kānū ʾanfusahum yaẓlimūna
And We shaded you with clouds,and We sent down to you manna and quails:‘Eat of the good things We have provided for you.’And they did not wrong Us,but they used to wrong [only] themselves.
58
وَإِذ قُلنَا ادخُلوا هٰذِهِ القَريَةَ فَكُلوا مِنها حَيثُ شِئتُم رَغَدًا وَادخُلُوا البابَ سُجَّدًا وَقولوا حِطَّةٌ نَغفِر لَكُم خَطاياكُم ۚ وَسَنَزيدُ المُحسِنينَ
wa-ʾidh qulnā dkhulū hādhihi l-qaryata fa-kulū minhā ḥaythu shiʾtum raghadan wa-dkhulū l-bāba sujjadan wa-qūlū ḥiṭṭatun naghfir lakum khaṭāyākum wa-sa-nazīdu l-muḥsinīna
And when We said, ‘Enter this town,1and eat thereof freely whencesoever you wish,and enter prostrating at the gate,and say, “Relieve [us of the burden of our sins],”2that We may forgive your iniquities,and soon We will enhance the virtuous.’This city, according to tradition (see Tafsīr al-Imām al-ʿAskarī), was Arīḥāʾ or Jericho (or Jerusalem, according to some commentators), an ancient city of Palestine near the northwest shore of the Dead Sea. A stronghold commanding the valley of the lower Jordan River, it was captured and destroyed by Joshua forty years later.Or ‘[We beseech] forgiveness [for our sins].’
59
فَبَدَّلَ الَّذينَ ظَلَموا قَولًا غَيرَ الَّذي قيلَ لَهُم فَأَنزَلنا عَلَى الَّذينَ ظَلَموا رِجزًا مِنَ السَّماءِ بِما كانوا يَفسُقونَ
fa-baddala lladhīna ẓalamū qawlan ghayra lladhī qīla lahum fa-ʾanzalnā ʿalā lladhīna ẓalamū rijzan mina s-samāʾi bi-mā kānū yafsuqūna
But the wrongdoers changed the sayingwith other than what they were told.So We sent down on those who were wrongdoersa plague from the skybecause of the transgressions they used to commit.
60
۞ وَإِذِ استَسقىٰ موسىٰ لِقَومِهِ فَقُلنَا اضرِب بِعَصاكَ الحَجَرَ ۖ فَانفَجَرَت مِنهُ اثنَتا عَشرَةَ عَينًا ۖ قَد عَلِمَ كُلُّ أُناسٍ مَشرَبَهُم ۖ كُلوا وَاشرَبوا مِن رِزقِ اللَّهِ وَلا تَعثَوا فِي الأَرضِ مُفسِدينَ
wa-ʾidhi stasqā mūsā li-qawmihī fa-qulnā ḍrib bi-ʿaṣāka l-ḥajara fa-nfajarat minhu thnatā ʿashrata ʿaynan qad ʿalima kullu ʾunāsin mashrabahum kulū wa-shrabū min rizqi llāhi wa-lā taʿthaw fī l-ʾarḍi mufsidīna
And when Moses prayed for water for his people,We said, ‘Strike the rock with your staff.’Thereat twelve fountains gushed forth from it;every tribe came to know its drinking-place.‘Eat and drink of Allah’s provision,and do not act wickedly on the earth,causing corruption.’
61
وَإِذ قُلتُم يا موسىٰ لَن نَصبِرَ عَلىٰ طَعامٍ واحِدٍ فَادعُ لَنا رَبَّكَ يُخرِج لَنا مِمّا تُنبِتُ الأَرضُ مِن بَقلِها وَقِثّائِها وَفومِها وَعَدَسِها وَبَصَلِها ۖ قالَ أَتَستَبدِلونَ الَّذي هُوَ أَدنىٰ بِالَّذي هُوَ خَيرٌ ۚ اهبِطوا مِصرًا فَإِنَّ لَكُم ما سَأَلتُم ۗ وَضُرِبَت عَلَيهِمُ الذِّلَّةُ وَالمَسكَنَةُ وَباءوا بِغَضَبٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ ۗ ذٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُم كانوا يَكفُرونَ بِآياتِ اللَّهِ وَيَقتُلونَ النَّبِيّينَ بِغَيرِ الحَقِّ ۗ ذٰلِكَ بِما عَصَوا وَكانوا يَعتَدونَ
wa-ʾidh qultum yā-mūsā lan naṣbira ʿalā ṭaʿāmin wāḥidin fa-dʿu lanā rabbaka yukhrij lanā mimmā tunbitu l-ʾarḍu min baqlihā wa-qiththāʾihā wa-fūmihā wa-ʿadasihā wa-baṣalihā qāla ʾa-tastabdilūna lladhī huwa ʾadnā bi-lladhī huwa khayrun-i hbiṭū miṣran fa-ʾinna lakum mā saʾaltum wa-ḍuribat ʿalayhimu dh-dhillatu wa-l-maskanatu wa-bāʾū bi-ghaḍabin mina llāhi dhālika bi-ʾannahum kānū yakfurūna bi-ʾāyāti llāhi wa-yaqtulūna n-nabiyyīna bi-ghayri l-ḥaqqi dhālika bi-mā ʿaṣaw wa-kānū yaʿtadūna
And when you said, ‘O Moses,‘We will not put up with one kind of food.So invoke your Lord for us,that He may bring forth for usof that which the earth grows—its greens and its cucumbers,its garlic, its lentils, and its onions.’He said, ‘Do you seek to replacewhat is superior with that which is inferior?Go down to any townand you will indeed get what you ask for!’So they were struck with abasement and poverty,and they earned Allah’s wrath.That, because they would defythe signs of Allahand kill the prophets unjustly.That, because they would disobey and used to commit transgression.
62
إِنَّ الَّذينَ آمَنوا وَالَّذينَ هادوا وَالنَّصارىٰ وَالصّابِئينَ مَن آمَنَ بِاللَّهِ وَاليَومِ الآخِرِ وَعَمِلَ صالِحًا فَلَهُم أَجرُهُم عِندَ رَبِّهِم وَلا خَوفٌ عَلَيهِم وَلا هُم يَحزَنونَ
ʾinna lladhīna ʾāmanū wa-lladhīna hādū wa-n-naṣārā wa-ṣ-ṣābiʾīna man ʾāmana bi-llāhi wa-l-yawmi l-ʾākhiri wa-ʿamila ṣāliḥan fa-lahum ʾajruhum ʿinda rabbihim wa-lā khawfun ʿalayhim wa-lā hum yaḥzanūna
Indeed the faithful, the Jews,the Christians, and the Sabaeans—those of them who have faith in Allahand the Last Dayand act righteously—they shall have their reward near their Lord,and they will have no fear,nor will they grieve.
63
وَإِذ أَخَذنا ميثاقَكُم وَرَفَعنا فَوقَكُمُ الطّورَ خُذوا ما آتَيناكُم بِقُوَّةٍ وَاذكُروا ما فيهِ لَعَلَّكُم تَتَّقونَ
wa-ʾidh ʾakhadhnā mīthāqakum wa-rafaʿnā fawqakumu ṭ-ṭūra khudhū mā ʾātaynākum bi-quwwatin wa-dhkurū mā fīhi laʿallakum tattaqūna
And when We took a pledge from you,and raised the Mount above you [declaring],‘Hold on with power to what We have given you,and remember that which is in it,so that you may be Godwary.’
64
ثُمَّ تَوَلَّيتُم مِن بَعدِ ذٰلِكَ ۖ فَلَولا فَضلُ اللَّهِ عَلَيكُم وَرَحمَتُهُ لَكُنتُم مِنَ الخاسِرينَ
thumma tawallaytum min baʿdi dhālika fa-law-lā faḍlu llāhi ʿalaykum wa-raḥmatuhū la-kuntum mina l-khāsirīna
Then after that you turned away;and were it not for Allah’s grace on youand His mercy,you would surely have been among the losers.
65
وَلَقَد عَلِمتُمُ الَّذينَ اعتَدَوا مِنكُم فِي السَّبتِ فَقُلنا لَهُم كونوا قِرَدَةً خاسِئينَ
wa-la-qad ʿalimtumu lladhīna ʿtadaw minkum fī s-sabti fa-qulnā lahum kūnū qiradatan khāsiʾīna
And certainly you knowthose of you who violated the Sabbath,whereupon We said to them,‘Be you spurned apes.’
66
فَجَعَلناها نَكالًا لِما بَينَ يَدَيها وَما خَلفَها وَمَوعِظَةً لِلمُتَّقينَ
fa-jaʿalnāhā nakālan li-mā bayna yadayhā wa-mā khalfahā wa-mawʿiẓatan li-l-muttaqīna
So We made it an exemplary punishmentfor the present and the succeeding [generations],and an advice to the Godwary.
67
وَإِذ قالَ موسىٰ لِقَومِهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأمُرُكُم أَن تَذبَحوا بَقَرَةً ۖ قالوا أَتَتَّخِذُنا هُزُوًا ۖ قالَ أَعوذُ بِاللَّهِ أَن أَكونَ مِنَ الجاهِلينَ
wa-ʾidh qāla mūsā li-qawmihī ʾinna llāha yaʾmurukum ʾan tadhbaḥū baqaratan qālū ʾa-tattakhidhunā huzuwan qāla ʾaʿūdhu bi-llāhi ʾan ʾakūna mina l-jāhilīna
And when Moses said to his people,‘Indeed Allah commands you to slaughter a cow,’they said, ‘Do you take us in derision?’He said, ‘I seek Allah’s protectionlest I should be one of the senseless!’
68
قالُوا ادعُ لَنا رَبَّكَ يُبَيِّن لَنا ما هِيَ ۚ قالَ إِنَّهُ يَقولُ إِنَّها بَقَرَةٌ لا فارِضٌ وَلا بِكرٌ عَوانٌ بَينَ ذٰلِكَ ۖ فَافعَلوا ما تُؤمَرونَ
qālū dʿu lanā rabbaka yubayyin lanā mā hiya qāla ʾinnahū yaqūlu ʾinnahā baqaratun lā fāriḍun wa-lā bikrun ʿawānun bayna dhālika fa-fʿalū mā tuʾmarūna
They said, ‘Invoke your Lord for us,that He may clarify for us what she may be.’He said, ‘He says, She is a cow,neither old nor young,of a middle age.Now do what you are commanded.’
69
قالُوا ادعُ لَنا رَبَّكَ يُبَيِّن لَنا ما لَونُها ۚ قالَ إِنَّهُ يَقولُ إِنَّها بَقَرَةٌ صَفراءُ فاقِعٌ لَونُها تَسُرُّ النّاظِرينَ
qālū dʿu lanā rabbaka yubayyin lanā mā lawnuhā qāla ʾinnahū yaqūlu ʾinnahā baqaratun ṣafrāʾu fāqiʿun lawnuhā tasurru n-nāẓirīna
They said, ‘Invoke your Lord for us,that He may clarify for us what her colour may be.’He said, ‘He says, She is a cow that is yellow,of a bright hue, pleasing to the onlookers.’
70
قالُوا ادعُ لَنا رَبَّكَ يُبَيِّن لَنا ما هِيَ إِنَّ البَقَرَ تَشابَهَ عَلَينا وَإِنّا إِن شاءَ اللَّهُ لَمُهتَدونَ
qālū dʿu lanā rabbaka yubayyin lanā mā hiya ʾinna l-baqara tashābaha ʿalaynā wa-ʾinnā ʾin shāʾa llāhu la-muhtadūna
They said, ‘Invoke your Lord for us,that He may clarify for us what she may be.Indeed all cows are much alike to us,and, if Allah wishes, we will surely be guided.’
71
قالَ إِنَّهُ يَقولُ إِنَّها بَقَرَةٌ لا ذَلولٌ تُثيرُ الأَرضَ وَلا تَسقِي الحَرثَ مُسَلَّمَةٌ لا شِيَةَ فيها ۚ قالُوا الآنَ جِئتَ بِالحَقِّ ۚ فَذَبَحوها وَما كادوا يَفعَلونَ
qāla ʾinnahū yaqūlu ʾinnahā baqaratun lā dhalūlun tuthīru l-ʾarḍa wa-lā tasqī l-ḥartha musallamatun lā shiyata fīhā qālū l-ʾāna jiʾta bi-l-ḥaqqi fa-dhabaḥūhā wa-mā kādū yafʿalūna
He said, ‘He says, She is a cownot broken to till the earthor to water the tillage,sound and without blemish.’They said, ‘Now have you come up with the truth!’And they slaughtered it,though they were about not to do it.
72
وَإِذ قَتَلتُم نَفسًا فَادّارَأتُم فيها ۖ وَاللَّهُ مُخرِجٌ ما كُنتُم تَكتُمونَ
wa-ʾidh qataltum nafsan fa-ddāraʾtum fīhā wa-llāhu mukhrijun mā kuntum taktumūna
And when you killed a soul,and accused one another about it—and Allah was to exposewhatever you were concealing—
73
فَقُلنَا اضرِبوهُ بِبَعضِها ۚ كَذٰلِكَ يُحيِي اللَّهُ المَوتىٰ وَيُريكُم آياتِهِ لَعَلَّكُم تَعقِلونَ
fa-qulnā ḍribūhu bi-baʿḍihā ka-dhālika yuḥyi llāhu l-mawtā wa-yurīkum ʾāyātihī laʿallakum taʿqilūna
We said, ‘Strike him with a piece of it:’thus does Allah revive the dead,and He shows you His signsso that you may apply reason.
74
ثُمَّ قَسَت قُلوبُكُم مِن بَعدِ ذٰلِكَ فَهِيَ كَالحِجارَةِ أَو أَشَدُّ قَسوَةً ۚ وَإِنَّ مِنَ الحِجارَةِ لَما يَتَفَجَّرُ مِنهُ الأَنهارُ ۚ وَإِنَّ مِنها لَما يَشَّقَّقُ فَيَخرُجُ مِنهُ الماءُ ۚ وَإِنَّ مِنها لَما يَهبِطُ مِن خَشيَةِ اللَّهِ ۗ وَمَا اللَّهُ بِغافِلٍ عَمّا تَعمَلونَ
thumma qasat qulūbukum min baʿdi dhālika fa-hiya ka-l-ḥijārati ʾaw ʾashaddu qaswatan wa-ʾinna mina l-ḥijārati la-mā yatafajjaru minhu l-ʾanhāru wa-ʾinna minhā la-mā yashshaqqaqu fa-yakhruju minhu l-māʾu wa-ʾinna minhā la-mā yahbiṭu min khashyati llāhi wa-mā llāhu bi-ghāfilin ʿammā taʿmalūna
Then your hearts hardened after that;so they are like stones, or even harder.For indeed there are some stonesfrom which streams gush forth,and indeed there are some of them that split,and water issues from them,and indeed there are some of them that fallfor the fear of Allah.And Allah is not oblivious of what you do.
75
۞ أَفَتَطمَعونَ أَن يُؤمِنوا لَكُم وَقَد كانَ فَريقٌ مِنهُم يَسمَعونَ كَلامَ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ يُحَرِّفونَهُ مِن بَعدِ ما عَقَلوهُ وَهُم يَعلَمونَ
ʾa-fa-taṭmaʿūna ʾan yuʾminū lakum wa-qad kāna farīqun minhum yasmaʿūna kalāma llāhi thumma yuḥarrifūnahū min baʿdi mā ʿaqalūhu wa-hum yaʿlamūna
Are you then eager that they should believe you,1 though a part of them would hear the word of Allah and then they would distort it2 after they had understood it, and they knew [what they were doing]?This is an address to the muslims who were eager that the Jews should embrace Islam and follow the Prophet’s teachings.Cf. 4:46; 5:13, 41, for this characteristic of the Jews.
76
وَإِذا لَقُوا الَّذينَ آمَنوا قالوا آمَنّا وَإِذا خَلا بَعضُهُم إِلىٰ بَعضٍ قالوا أَتُحَدِّثونَهُم بِما فَتَحَ اللَّهُ عَلَيكُم لِيُحاجّوكُم بِهِ عِندَ رَبِّكُم ۚ أَفَلا تَعقِلونَ
wa-ʾidhā laqū lladhīna ʾāmanū qālū ʾāmannā wa-ʾidhā khalā baʿḍuhum ʾilā baʿḍin qālū ʾa-tuḥaddithūnahum bi-mā fataḥa llāhu ʿalaykum li-yuḥājjūkum bihī ʿinda rabbikum ʾa-fa-lā taʿqilūna
When they meet the faithful, they say, ‘We believe,’ and when they are alone with one another, they say, ‘Do you recount to them what Allah has revealed to you, so that they may argue with you therewith before your Lord? Do you not apply reason?’
77
أَوَلا يَعلَمونَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَعلَمُ ما يُسِرّونَ وَما يُعلِنونَ
ʾa-wa-lā yaʿlamūna ʾanna llāha yaʿlamu mā yusirrūna wa-mā yuʿlinūna
Do they not know that Allah knows whatever they hide and whatever they disclose?
78
وَمِنهُم أُمِّيّونَ لا يَعلَمونَ الكِتابَ إِلّا أَمانِيَّ وَإِن هُم إِلّا يَظُنّونَ
wa-minhum ʾummiyyūna lā yaʿlamūna l-kitāba ʾillā ʾamāniyya wa-ʾin hum ʾillā yaẓunnūna
And among them are the illiterate who know nothing of the Book except hearsay,1 and they only make conjectures.That is, what they learnt through word of mouth from their scribes and priests, rather than from a direct knowledge of the scriptures. Or ‘hopes,’ or ‘lies.’
79
فَوَيلٌ لِلَّذينَ يَكتُبونَ الكِتابَ بِأَيديهِم ثُمَّ يَقولونَ هٰذا مِن عِندِ اللَّهِ لِيَشتَروا بِهِ ثَمَنًا قَليلًا ۖ فَوَيلٌ لَهُم مِمّا كَتَبَت أَيديهِم وَوَيلٌ لَهُم مِمّا يَكسِبونَ
fa-waylun li-lladhīna yaktubūna l-kitāba bi-ʾaydīhim thumma yaqūlūna hādhā min ʿindi llāhi li-yashtarū bihī thamanan qalīlan fa-waylun lahum mimmā katabat ʾaydīhim wa-waylun lahum mimmā yaksibūna
So woe to those who write the Book with their hands and then say, ‘This is from Allah,’ that they may sell it for a paltry gain. So woe to them for what their hands have written, and woe to them for what they earn!
80
وَقالوا لَن تَمَسَّنَا النّارُ إِلّا أَيّامًا مَعدودَةً ۚ قُل أَتَّخَذتُم عِندَ اللَّهِ عَهدًا فَلَن يُخلِفَ اللَّهُ عَهدَهُ ۖ أَم تَقولونَ عَلَى اللَّهِ ما لا تَعلَمونَ
wa-qālū lan tamassanā n-nāru ʾillā ʾayyāman maʿdūdatan qul ʾa-ttakhadhtum ʿinda llāhi ʿahdan fa-lan yukhlifa llāhu ʿahdahū ʾam taqūlūna ʿalā llāhi mā lā taʿlamūna
And they say, ‘The Fire shall not touch us except for a number of days.’ Say, ‘Have you taken a promise from Allah? If so, Allah shall never break His promise. Or do you ascribe to Allah what you do not know?’
81
بَلىٰ مَن كَسَبَ سَيِّئَةً وَأَحاطَت بِهِ خَطيئَتُهُ فَأُولٰئِكَ أَصحابُ النّارِ ۖ هُم فيها خالِدونَ
balā man kasaba sayyiʾatan wa-ʾaḥāṭat bihī khaṭīʾatuhū fa-ʾulāʾika ʾaṣḥābu n-nāri hum fīhā khālidūna
Certainly whoever commits misdeeds and is besieged by his iniquity —such shall be the inmates of the Fire, and they shall remain in it [forever].
82
وَالَّذينَ آمَنوا وَعَمِلُوا الصّالِحاتِ أُولٰئِكَ أَصحابُ الجَنَّةِ ۖ هُم فيها خالِدونَ
wa-lladhīna ʾāmanū wa-ʿamilū ṣ-ṣāliḥāti ʾulāʾika ʾaṣḥābu l-jannati hum fīhā khālidūna
And those who have faith and do righteous deeds, —they shall be the inhabitants of paradise; they shall remain in it [forever].
83
وَإِذ أَخَذنا ميثاقَ بَني إِسرائيلَ لا تَعبُدونَ إِلَّا اللَّهَ وَبِالوالِدَينِ إِحسانًا وَذِي القُربىٰ وَاليَتامىٰ وَالمَساكينِ وَقولوا لِلنّاسِ حُسنًا وَأَقيمُوا الصَّلاةَ وَآتُوا الزَّكاةَ ثُمَّ تَوَلَّيتُم إِلّا قَليلًا مِنكُم وَأَنتُم مُعرِضونَ
wa-ʾidh ʾakhadhnā mīthāqa banī ʾisrāʾīla lā taʿbudūna ʾillā llāha wa-bi-l-wālidayni ʾiḥsānan wa-dhī l-qurbā wa-l-yatāmā wa-l-masākīni wa-qūlū li-n-nāsi ḥusnan wa-ʾaqīmū ṣ-ṣalāta wa-ʾātū z-zakāta thumma tawallaytum ʾillā qalīlan minkum wa-ʾantum muʿriḍūna
And when We took a pledge from the Children of Israel: ‘Worship no one but Allah, do good to parents, relatives, orphans, and the needy, and speak kindly to people, and maintain the prayer, and give the zakāt,’ you turned away, except a few of you, and you were disregardful.
84
وَإِذ أَخَذنا ميثاقَكُم لا تَسفِكونَ دِماءَكُم وَلا تُخرِجونَ أَنفُسَكُم مِن دِيارِكُم ثُمَّ أَقرَرتُم وَأَنتُم تَشهَدونَ
wa-ʾidh ʾakhadhnā mīthāqakum lā tasfikūna dimāʾakum wa-lā tukhrijūna ʾanfusakum min diyārikum thumma ʾaqrartum wa-ʾantum tashhadūna
And when We took a pledge from you: ‘You shall not shed your [own people’s] blood, and you shall not expel your folks from your homes,’ you pledged, and you testify1 [to this pledge of your ancestors].Or ‘and you testified.’
85
ثُمَّ أَنتُم هٰؤُلاءِ تَقتُلونَ أَنفُسَكُم وَتُخرِجونَ فَريقًا مِنكُم مِن دِيارِهِم تَظاهَرونَ عَلَيهِم بِالإِثمِ وَالعُدوانِ وَإِن يَأتوكُم أُسارىٰ تُفادوهُم وَهُوَ مُحَرَّمٌ عَلَيكُم إِخراجُهُم ۚ أَفَتُؤمِنونَ بِبَعضِ الكِتابِ وَتَكفُرونَ بِبَعضٍ ۚ فَما جَزاءُ مَن يَفعَلُ ذٰلِكَ مِنكُم إِلّا خِزيٌ فِي الحَياةِ الدُّنيا ۖ وَيَومَ القِيامَةِ يُرَدّونَ إِلىٰ أَشَدِّ العَذابِ ۗ وَمَا اللَّهُ بِغافِلٍ عَمّا تَعمَلونَ
thumma ʾantum hāʾulāʾi taqtulūna ʾanfusakum wa-tukhrijūna farīqan minkum min diyārihim taẓāharūna ʿalayhim bi-l-ʾithmi wa-l-ʿudwāni wa-ʾin yaʾtūkum ʾusārā tufādūhum wa-huwa muḥarramun ʿalaykum ʾikhrājuhum ʾa-fa-tuʾminūna bi-baʿḍi l-kitābi wa-takfurūna bi-baʿḍin fa-mā jazāʾu man yafʿalu dhālika minkum ʾillā khizyun fī l-ḥayāti d-dunyā wa-yawma l-qiyāmati yuraddūna ʾilā ʾashaddi l-ʿadhābi wa-mā llāhu bi-ghāfilin ʿammā taʿmalūna
Then there you were, killing your folks and expelling a part of your folks from their homes, backing one another against them in sin and aggression! And if they came to you as captives, you would ransom them, though their expulsion itself was forbidden you. What! Do you believe in part of the Book and defy another part? So what is the requital of those of you who do that except disgrace in the life of this world? And on the Day of Resurrection, they shall be consigned to the severest punishment. And Allah is not oblivious of what you do.
86
أُولٰئِكَ الَّذينَ اشتَرَوُا الحَياةَ الدُّنيا بِالآخِرَةِ ۖ فَلا يُخَفَّفُ عَنهُمُ العَذابُ وَلا هُم يُنصَرونَ
ʾulāʾika lladhīna shtarawu l-ḥayāta d-dunyā bi-l-ʾākhirati fa-lā yukhaffafu ʿanhumu l-ʿadhābu wa-lā hum yunṣarūna
They are the ones who bought the life of this world for the Hereafter; so their punishment shall not be lightened, nor will they be helped.
87
وَلَقَد آتَينا موسَى الكِتابَ وَقَفَّينا مِن بَعدِهِ بِالرُّسُلِ ۖ وَآتَينا عيسَى ابنَ مَريَمَ البَيِّناتِ وَأَيَّدناهُ بِروحِ القُدُسِ ۗ أَفَكُلَّما جاءَكُم رَسولٌ بِما لا تَهوىٰ أَنفُسُكُمُ استَكبَرتُم فَفَريقًا كَذَّبتُم وَفَريقًا تَقتُلونَ
wa-la-qad ʾātaynā mūsā l-kitāba wa-qaffaynā min baʿdihī bi-r-rusuli wa-ʾātaynā ʿīsā bna maryama l-bayyināti wa-ʾayyadnāhu bi-rūḥi l-qudusi ʾa-fa-kullamā jāʾakum rasūlun bi-mā lā tahwā ʾanfusukumu stakbartum fa-farīqan kadhdhabtum wa-farīqan taqtulūna
Certainly We gave Moses the Book, and followed him with the apostles, and We gave Jesus, the son of Mary, manifest proofs, and confirmed him with the Holy Spirit. Is it not that whenever an apostle brought you1 that which was not to your liking, you would act arrogantly; so you would impugn a part [of them], and slay a[nother] part?That is, the Jews.
88
وَقالوا قُلوبُنا غُلفٌ ۚ بَل لَعَنَهُمُ اللَّهُ بِكُفرِهِم فَقَليلًا ما يُؤمِنونَ
wa-qālū qulūbunā ghulfun bal laʿanahumu llāhu bi-kufrihim fa-qalīlan mā yuʾminūna
And they say, ‘Our hearts are uncircumcised.’1 Rather Allah has cursed them for their unfaith, so few of them have faith.Uncircumcised: unconverted, heathen, faithless; cf. 4:155. In Leviticus 26.41, it is said of the Israelites, ‘Then when their uncircumcised hearts are humbled and they pay for their sin, I will remember my covenant with Jacob … ,’ and in Jeremiah 9.26: ‘Even the whole house of Israel is uncircumcised in heart … .’ There are other similar expressions and phrases in the Bible: “uncircumcised lips” (Exodus 6.12 and 6.30); “their ear is uncircumcised and they cannot hearken” (Jeremiah 6.10); “uncircumcised in heart, and uncircumcised in flesh” (Ezekiel 44.7, 9); “uncircumcised in heart and ears” (Acts 7.51), “putting off the body of the sins of the flesh by the circumcision of Christ” (Colossians 2.11).
89
وَلَمّا جاءَهُم كِتابٌ مِن عِندِ اللَّهِ مُصَدِّقٌ لِما مَعَهُم وَكانوا مِن قَبلُ يَستَفتِحونَ عَلَى الَّذينَ كَفَروا فَلَمّا جاءَهُم ما عَرَفوا كَفَروا بِهِ ۚ فَلَعنَةُ اللَّهِ عَلَى الكافِرينَ
wa-lammā jāʾahum kitābun min ʿindi llāhi muṣaddiqun li-mā maʿahum wa-kānū min qablu yastaftiḥūna ʿalā lladhīna kafarū fa-lammā jāʾahum mā ʿarafū kafarū bihī fa-laʿnatu llāhi ʿalā l-kāfirīna
And when there came to them a Book from Allah, confirming that which is with them —and earlier they would pray for victory over the pagans— so when there came to them what they recognized, they defied it. So may the curse of Allah be on the faithless!
90
بِئسَمَا اشتَرَوا بِهِ أَنفُسَهُم أَن يَكفُروا بِما أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ بَغيًا أَن يُنَزِّلَ اللَّهُ مِن فَضلِهِ عَلىٰ مَن يَشاءُ مِن عِبادِهِ ۖ فَباءوا بِغَضَبٍ عَلىٰ غَضَبٍ ۚ وَلِلكافِرينَ عَذابٌ مُهينٌ
biʾsamā shtaraw bihī ʾanfusahum ʾan yakfurū bi-mā ʾanzala llāhu baghyan ʾan yunazzila llāhu min faḍlihī ʿalā man yashāʾu min ʿibādihī fa-bāʾū bi-ghaḍabin ʿalā ghaḍabin wa-li-l-kāfirīna ʿadhābun muhīnun
Evil is that for which they have sold their souls, by defying what Allah has sent down, out of envy, that Allah should bestow His grace on any of His servants that He wishes. Thus they earned wrath upon wrath, and there is a humiliating punishment for the faithless.
91
وَإِذا قيلَ لَهُم آمِنوا بِما أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ قالوا نُؤمِنُ بِما أُنزِلَ عَلَينا وَيَكفُرونَ بِما وَراءَهُ وَهُوَ الحَقُّ مُصَدِّقًا لِما مَعَهُم ۗ قُل فَلِمَ تَقتُلونَ أَنبِياءَ اللَّهِ مِن قَبلُ إِن كُنتُم مُؤمِنينَ
wa-ʾidhā qīla lahum ʾāminū bi-mā ʾanzala llāhu qālū nuʾminu bi-mā ʾunzila ʿalaynā wa-yakfurūna bi-mā warāʾahū wa-huwa l-ḥaqqu muṣaddiqan li-mā maʿahum qul fa-li-ma taqtulūna ʾanbiyāʾa llāhi min qablu ʾin kuntum muʾminīna
And when they are told, ‘Believe in what Allah has sent down,’ they say, ‘We believe in what was sent down to us,’ and they disbelieve what is besides it, though it is the truth confirming what is with them. Say, ‘Then why would you kill the prophets of Allah formerly, should you be faithful?’
92
۞ وَلَقَد جاءَكُم موسىٰ بِالبَيِّناتِ ثُمَّ اتَّخَذتُمُ العِجلَ مِن بَعدِهِ وَأَنتُم ظالِمونَ
wa-la-qad jāʾakum mūsā bi-l-bayyināti thumma ttakhadhtumu l-ʿijla min baʿdihī wa-ʾantum ẓālimūna
Certainly Moses brought you manifest proofs, but then you took up the Calf in his absence, and you were wrongdoers.
93
وَإِذ أَخَذنا ميثاقَكُم وَرَفَعنا فَوقَكُمُ الطّورَ خُذوا ما آتَيناكُم بِقُوَّةٍ وَاسمَعوا ۖ قالوا سَمِعنا وَعَصَينا وَأُشرِبوا في قُلوبِهِمُ العِجلَ بِكُفرِهِم ۚ قُل بِئسَما يَأمُرُكُم بِهِ إيمانُكُم إِن كُنتُم مُؤمِنينَ
wa-ʾidh ʾakhadhnā mīthāqakum wa-rafaʿnā fawqakumu ṭ-ṭūra khudhū mā ʾātaynākum bi-quwwatin wa-smaʿū qālū samiʿnā wa-ʿaṣaynā wa-ʾushribū fī qulūbihimu l-ʿijla bi-kufrihim qul biʾsa-mā yaʾmurukum bihī ʾīmānukum ʾin kuntum muʾminīna
And when We took covenant with you and raised the Mount above you [declaring], ‘Hold on with power to what We have given you, and listen!’ They said, ‘We hear, and disobey,’ and their hearts had been imbued with [the love of] the Calf, due to their faithlessness. Say, ‘Evil is that to which your faith prompts you, should you be faithful!’
94
قُل إِن كانَت لَكُمُ الدّارُ الآخِرَةُ عِندَ اللَّهِ خالِصَةً مِن دونِ النّاسِ فَتَمَنَّوُا المَوتَ إِن كُنتُم صادِقينَ
qul ʾin kānat lakumu d-dāru l-ʾākhiratu ʿinda llāhi khāliṣatan min dūni n-nāsi fa-tamannawu l-mawta ʾin kuntum ṣādiqīna
Say, ‘If the abode of the Hereafter with Allah were exclusively for you, and not for other people, then long for death, should you be truthful.’
95
وَلَن يَتَمَنَّوهُ أَبَدًا بِما قَدَّمَت أَيديهِم ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَليمٌ بِالظّالِمينَ
wa-lan yatamannawhu ʾabadan bi-mā qaddamat ʾaydīhim wa-llāhu ʿalīmun bi-ẓ-ẓālimīna
But they will not long for it ever because of what their hands have sent ahead,1 and Allah knows best the wrongdoers.That is, to the scene of judgement and retribution on the Day of Resurrection. Or ‘prepared,’ ‘made ready,’ or ‘committed,’ ‘perpetrated.’
96
وَلَتَجِدَنَّهُم أَحرَصَ النّاسِ عَلىٰ حَياةٍ وَمِنَ الَّذينَ أَشرَكوا ۚ يَوَدُّ أَحَدُهُم لَو يُعَمَّرُ أَلفَ سَنَةٍ وَما هُوَ بِمُزَحزِحِهِ مِنَ العَذابِ أَن يُعَمَّرَ ۗ وَاللَّهُ بَصيرٌ بِما يَعمَلونَ
wa-la-tajidannahum ʾaḥraṣa n-nāsi ʿalā ḥayātin wa-mina lladhīna ʾashrakū yawaddu ʾaḥaduhum law yuʿammaru ʾalfa sanatin wa-mā huwa bi-muzaḥziḥihī mina l-ʿadhābi ʾan yuʿammara wa-llāhu baṣīrun bi-mā yaʿmalūna
Surely, you will find them the greediest for life, of all people ⎯even the idolaters. Each of them is eager to live a thousand years, though it would not deliver him from the punishment, were he to live [that long]. And Allah sees best what they do.
97
قُل مَن كانَ عَدُوًّا لِجِبريلَ فَإِنَّهُ نَزَّلَهُ عَلىٰ قَلبِكَ بِإِذنِ اللَّهِ مُصَدِّقًا لِما بَينَ يَدَيهِ وَهُدًى وَبُشرىٰ لِلمُؤمِنينَ
qul man kāna ʿaduwwan li-jibrīla fa-ʾinnahū nazzalahū ʿalā qalbika bi-ʾidhni llāhi muṣaddiqan li-mā bayna yadayhi wa-hudan wa-bushrā li-l-muʾminīna
Say, ‘Whoever is an enemy of Gabriel [should know that] it is he who has brought it down on your heart with the will of Allah, confirming what has been [revealed] before it, and as a guidance and good news to the faithful.’
98
مَن كانَ عَدُوًّا لِلَّهِ وَمَلائِكَتِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَجِبريلَ وَميكالَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَدُوٌّ لِلكافِرينَ
man kāna ʿaduwwan li-llāhi wa-malāʾikatihī wa-rusulihī wa-jibrīla wa-mīkāla fa-ʾinna llāha ʿaduwwun li-l-kāfirīna
[Say,] ‘Whoever is an enemy of Allah, His angels and His apostles, and Gabriel and Michael, [let him know that] Allah is indeed the enemy of the faithless.’
99
وَلَقَد أَنزَلنا إِلَيكَ آياتٍ بَيِّناتٍ ۖ وَما يَكفُرُ بِها إِلَّا الفاسِقونَ
wa-la-qad ʾanzalnā ʾilayka ʾāyātin bayyinātin wa-mā yakfuru bihā ʾillā l-fāsiqūna
We have certainly sent down manifest signs to you, and no one defies them except transgressors.
100
أَوَكُلَّما عاهَدوا عَهدًا نَبَذَهُ فَريقٌ مِنهُم ۚ بَل أَكثَرُهُم لا يُؤمِنونَ
ʾa-wa-kullamā ʿāhadū ʿahdan nabadhahū farīqun minhum bal ʾaktharuhum lā yuʾminūna
Is it not that whenever they made a covenant, a part of them would cast it away? Rather the majority of them do not have faith.
101
وَلَمّا جاءَهُم رَسولٌ مِن عِندِ اللَّهِ مُصَدِّقٌ لِما مَعَهُم نَبَذَ فَريقٌ مِنَ الَّذينَ أوتُوا الكِتابَ كِتابَ اللَّهِ وَراءَ ظُهورِهِم كَأَنَّهُم لا يَعلَمونَ
wa-lammā jāʾahum rasūlun min ʿindi llāhi muṣaddiqun li-mā maʿahum nabadha farīqun mina lladhīna ʾūtū l-kitāba kitāba llāhi warāʾa ẓuhūrihim ka-ʾannahum lā yaʿlamūna
And when there came to them an apostle from Allah, confirming that which is with them, a part of those who were given the Book cast the Book of Allah behind their back, as if they did not know [that it is Allah’s Book].
102
وَاتَّبَعوا ما تَتلُو الشَّياطينُ عَلىٰ مُلكِ سُلَيمانَ ۖ وَما كَفَرَ سُلَيمانُ وَلٰكِنَّ الشَّياطينَ كَفَروا يُعَلِّمونَ النّاسَ السِّحرَ وَما أُنزِلَ عَلَى المَلَكَينِ بِبابِلَ هاروتَ وَماروتَ ۚ وَما يُعَلِّمانِ مِن أَحَدٍ حَتّىٰ يَقولا إِنَّما نَحنُ فِتنَةٌ فَلا تَكفُر ۖ فَيَتَعَلَّمونَ مِنهُما ما يُفَرِّقونَ بِهِ بَينَ المَرءِ وَزَوجِهِ ۚ وَما هُم بِضارّينَ بِهِ مِن أَحَدٍ إِلّا بِإِذنِ اللَّهِ ۚ وَيَتَعَلَّمونَ ما يَضُرُّهُم وَلا يَنفَعُهُم ۚ وَلَقَد عَلِموا لَمَنِ اشتَراهُ ما لَهُ فِي الآخِرَةِ مِن خَلاقٍ ۚ وَلَبِئسَ ما شَرَوا بِهِ أَنفُسَهُم ۚ لَو كانوا يَعلَمونَ
wa-ttabaʿū mā tatlū sh-shayāṭīnu ʿalā mulki sulaymāna wa-mā kafara sulaymānu wa-lākinna sh-shayāṭīna kafarū yuʿallimūna n-nāsa s-siḥra wa-mā ʾunzila ʿalā l-malakayni bi-bābila hārūta wa-mārūta wa-mā yuʿallimāni min ʾaḥadin ḥattā yaqūlā ʾinnamā naḥnu fitnatun fa-lā takfur fa-yataʿallamūna minhumā mā yufarriqūna bihī bayna l-marʾi wa-zawjihī wa-mā hum bi-ḍārrīna bihī min ʾaḥadin ʾillā bi-ʾidhni llāhi wa-yataʿallamūna mā yaḍurruhum wa-lā yanfaʿuhum wa-la-qad ʿalimū la-mani shtarāhu mā lahū fī l-ʾākhirati min khalāqin wa-la-biʾsa mā sharaw bihī ʾanfusahum law kānū yaʿlamūna
And they followed what the devils pursued during Solomon’s reign1 —and Solomon did not turn faithless, but it was the devils who were faithless— teaching the people magic, and what was sent down to the two angels at Babylon, Hārūt and Mārūt, and they would not teach anyone without telling [him], ‘We are only a test,2 so do not be faithless.’ But they would learn from those two that with which they would cause a split between man and his wife —though they could not harm anyone with it except with Allah’s leave. And they would learn that which would harm them and bring them no benefit; though they certainly knew that anyone who buys it has no share in the Hereafter. Surely, evil is that for which they sold their souls; had they known!Or ‘they followed what the devils recited during Solomon’s reign.’ Or ‘they followed the lies the devils uttered against Solomon’s reign.’Or ‘temptation.’
103
وَلَو أَنَّهُم آمَنوا وَاتَّقَوا لَمَثوبَةٌ مِن عِندِ اللَّهِ خَيرٌ ۖ لَو كانوا يَعلَمونَ
wa-law ʾannahum ʾāmanū wa-ttaqaw la-mathūbatun min ʿindi llāhi khayrun law kānū yaʿlamūna
Had they been faithful and Godwary, the reward from Allah would have been better; had they known!
104
يا أَيُّهَا الَّذينَ آمَنوا لا تَقولوا راعِنا وَقولُوا انظُرنا وَاسمَعوا ۗ وَلِلكافِرينَ عَذابٌ أَليمٌ
yā-ʾayyuhā lladhīna ʾāmanū lā taqūlū rāʿinā wa-qūlū nẓurnā wa-smaʿū wa-li-l-kāfirīna ʿadhābun ʾalīmun
O you who have faith! Do not say Raʿinā, but say Unzurnā, and listen!1 And there is a painful punishment for the faithless.The Jews in ridiculing the Prophet would say rāʿinā [meaning, ‘have regard for us’] with a change of accent turning it into another word which made it a term of reproach. The muslims are told to say unzurnā [meaning, ‘give us a little respite’] instead while addressing the Prophet (ṣ), as there is no room in this term for such a distortion.
105
ما يَوَدُّ الَّذينَ كَفَروا مِن أَهلِ الكِتابِ وَلَا المُشرِكينَ أَن يُنَزَّلَ عَلَيكُم مِن خَيرٍ مِن رَبِّكُم ۗ وَاللَّهُ يَختَصُّ بِرَحمَتِهِ مَن يَشاءُ ۚ وَاللَّهُ ذُو الفَضلِ العَظيمِ
mā yawaddu lladhīna kafarū min ʾahli l-kitābi wa-lā l-mushrikīna ʾan yunazzala ʿalaykum min khayrin min rabbikum wa-llāhu yakhtaṣṣu bi-raḥmatihī man yashāʾu wa-llāhu dhū l-faḍli l-ʿaẓīmi
Neither the faithless from among the People of the Book, nor the idolaters, like that any good be showered on you from your Lord; but Allah singles out for His mercy whomever He wishes, and Allah is dispenser of a mighty grace.
106
۞ ما نَنسَخ مِن آيَةٍ أَو نُنسِها نَأتِ بِخَيرٍ مِنها أَو مِثلِها ۗ أَلَم تَعلَم أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَلىٰ كُلِّ شَيءٍ قَديرٌ
mā nansakh min ʾāyatin ʾaw nunsihā naʾti bi-khayrin minhā ʾaw mithlihā ʾa-lam taʿlam ʾanna llāha ʿalā kulli shayʾin qadīrun
For any verse that We abrogate or remove from memories, We bring another which is better than it, or similar to it. Do you not know that Allah has power over all things?
107
أَلَم تَعلَم أَنَّ اللَّهَ لَهُ مُلكُ السَّماواتِ وَالأَرضِ ۗ وَما لَكُم مِن دونِ اللَّهِ مِن وَلِيٍّ وَلا نَصيرٍ
ʾa-lam taʿlam ʾanna llāha lahū mulku s-samāwāti wa-l-ʾarḍi wa-mā lakum min dūni llāhi min waliyyin wa-lā naṣīrin
Do you not know that to Allah belongs the kingdom of the heavens and the earth? And besides Allah you do not have any guardian or any helper.
108
أَم تُريدونَ أَن تَسأَلوا رَسولَكُم كَما سُئِلَ موسىٰ مِن قَبلُ ۗ وَمَن يَتَبَدَّلِ الكُفرَ بِالإيمانِ فَقَد ضَلَّ سَواءَ السَّبيلِ
ʾam turīdūna ʾan tasʾalū rasūlakum ka-mā suʾila mūsā min qablu wa-man yatabaddali l-kufra bi-l-ʾīmāni fa-qad ḍalla sawāʾa s-sabīli
Would you question your Apostle as Moses was questioned formerly? Whoever changes faith for unfaith certainly strays from the right way.
109
وَدَّ كَثيرٌ مِن أَهلِ الكِتابِ لَو يَرُدّونَكُم مِن بَعدِ إيمانِكُم كُفّارًا حَسَدًا مِن عِندِ أَنفُسِهِم مِن بَعدِ ما تَبَيَّنَ لَهُمُ الحَقُّ ۖ فَاعفوا وَاصفَحوا حَتّىٰ يَأتِيَ اللَّهُ بِأَمرِهِ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلىٰ كُلِّ شَيءٍ قَديرٌ
wadda kathīrun min ʾahli l-kitābi law yaruddūnakum min baʿdi ʾīmānikum kuffāran ḥasadan min ʿindi ʾanfusihim min baʿdi mā tabayyana lahumu l-ḥaqqu fa-ʿfū wa-ṣfaḥū ḥattā yaʾtiya llāhu bi-ʾamrihī ʾinna llāha ʿalā kulli shayʾin qadīrun
Many of the People of the Book are eager to turn you into unbelievers after your faith, out of their inner envy, [and] after the truth had become manifest to them. Yet excuse [them] and forbear until Allah issues His edict. Indeed Allah has power over all things.
110
وَأَقيمُوا الصَّلاةَ وَآتُوا الزَّكاةَ ۚ وَما تُقَدِّموا لِأَنفُسِكُم مِن خَيرٍ تَجِدوهُ عِندَ اللَّهِ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ بِما تَعمَلونَ بَصيرٌ
wa-ʾaqīmū ṣ-ṣalāta wa-ʾātū z-zakāta wa-mā tuqaddimū li-ʾanfusikum min khayrin tajidūhu ʿinda llāhi ʾinna llāha bi-mā taʿmalūna baṣīrun
And maintain the prayer and give the zakāt. Any good that you send ahead for your souls, you shall find it with Allah. Indeed Allah sees best what you do.
111
وَقالوا لَن يَدخُلَ الجَنَّةَ إِلّا مَن كانَ هودًا أَو نَصارىٰ ۗ تِلكَ أَمانِيُّهُم ۗ قُل هاتوا بُرهانَكُم إِن كُنتُم صادِقينَ
wa-qālū lan yadkhula l-jannata ʾillā man kāna hūdan ʾaw naṣārā tilka ʾamāniyyuhum qul hātū burhānakum ʾin kuntum ṣādiqīna
And they say, ‘No one shall enter paradise except one who is a Jew or a Christian.’ Those are their [false] hopes! Say, ‘Produce your evidence, should you be truthful.’
112
بَلىٰ مَن أَسلَمَ وَجهَهُ لِلَّهِ وَهُوَ مُحسِنٌ فَلَهُ أَجرُهُ عِندَ رَبِّهِ وَلا خَوفٌ عَلَيهِم وَلا هُم يَحزَنونَ
balā man ʾaslama wajhahū li-llāhi wa-huwa muḥsinun fa-lahū ʾajruhū ʿinda rabbihī wa-lā khawfun ʿalayhim wa-lā hum yaḥzanūna
Certainly whoever submits his will to Allah and is virtuous, he shall have his reward near his Lord, and they shall have no fear, nor shall they grieve.
113
وَقالَتِ اليَهودُ لَيسَتِ النَّصارىٰ عَلىٰ شَيءٍ وَقالَتِ النَّصارىٰ لَيسَتِ اليَهودُ عَلىٰ شَيءٍ وَهُم يَتلونَ الكِتابَ ۗ كَذٰلِكَ قالَ الَّذينَ لا يَعلَمونَ مِثلَ قَولِهِم ۚ فَاللَّهُ يَحكُمُ بَينَهُم يَومَ القِيامَةِ فيما كانوا فيهِ يَختَلِفونَ
wa-qālati l-yahūdu laysati n-naṣārā ʿalā shayʾin wa-qālati n-naṣārā laysati l-yahūdu ʿalā shayʾin wa-hum yatlūna l-kitāba ka-dhālika qāla lladhīna lā yaʿlamūna mithla qawlihim fa-llāhu yaḥkumu baynahum yawma l-qiyāmati fī-mā kānū fīhi yakhtalifūna
The Jews say, ‘The Christians stand on nothing,’ and the Christians say, ‘The Jews stand on nothing,’ though they follow the [same] Book. So said those who had no knowledge, [words] similar to what they say. Allah will judge between them on the Day of Resurrection concerning that about which they used to differ.
114
وَمَن أَظلَمُ مِمَّن مَنَعَ مَساجِدَ اللَّهِ أَن يُذكَرَ فيهَا اسمُهُ وَسَعىٰ في خَرابِها ۚ أُولٰئِكَ ما كانَ لَهُم أَن يَدخُلوها إِلّا خائِفينَ ۚ لَهُم فِي الدُّنيا خِزيٌ وَلَهُم فِي الآخِرَةِ عَذابٌ عَظيمٌ
wa-man ʾaẓlamu mimman manaʿa masājida llāhi ʾan yudhkara fīhā smuhū wa-saʿā fī kharābihā ʾulāʾika mā kāna lahum ʾan yadkhulūhā ʾillā khāʾifīna lahum fī d-dunyā khizyun wa-lahum fī l-ʾākhirati ʿadhābun ʿaẓīmun
Who is a greater wrongdoer than him who denies access to the mosques of Allah lest His Name be celebrated therein, and tries to ruin them? Such ones may not enter them, except in fear. There is disgrace for them in this world, and there is for them a great punishment in the Hereafter.
115
وَلِلَّهِ المَشرِقُ وَالمَغرِبُ ۚ فَأَينَما تُوَلّوا فَثَمَّ وَجهُ اللَّهِ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ واسِعٌ عَليمٌ
wa-li-llāhi l-mashriqu wa-l-maghribu fa-ʾaynamā tuwallū fa-thamma wajhu llāhi ʾinna llāha wāsiʿun ʿalīmun
To Allah belong the east and the west: so whichever way you turn, there is the face of Allah! Allah is indeed all-bounteous, all-knowing.
116
وَقالُوا اتَّخَذَ اللَّهُ وَلَدًا ۗ سُبحانَهُ ۖ بَل لَهُ ما فِي السَّماواتِ وَالأَرضِ ۖ كُلٌّ لَهُ قانِتونَ
wa-qālū ttakhadha llāhu waladan subḥānahū bal lahū mā fī s-samāwāti wa-l-ʾarḍi kullun lahū qānitūna
And they say, ‘Allah has taken a son.’ Immaculate is He! Rather to Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and the earth. All are obedient to Him,
117
بَديعُ السَّماواتِ وَالأَرضِ ۖ وَإِذا قَضىٰ أَمرًا فَإِنَّما يَقولُ لَهُ كُن فَيَكونُ
badīʿu s-samāwāti wa-l-ʾarḍi wa-ʾidhā qaḍā ʾamran fa-ʾinnamā yaqūlu lahū kun fa-yakūnu
the Originator of the heavens and the earth; and when He decides on a matter, He just says to it, ‘Be!’ and it is.
118
وَقالَ الَّذينَ لا يَعلَمونَ لَولا يُكَلِّمُنَا اللَّهُ أَو تَأتينا آيَةٌ ۗ كَذٰلِكَ قالَ الَّذينَ مِن قَبلِهِم مِثلَ قَولِهِم ۘ تَشابَهَت قُلوبُهُم ۗ قَد بَيَّنَّا الآياتِ لِقَومٍ يوقِنونَ
wa-qāla lladhīna lā yaʿlamūna law-lā yukallimunā llāhu ʾaw taʾtīnā ʾāyatun ka-dhālika qāla lladhīna min qablihim mithla qawlihim tashābahat qulūbuhum qad bayyannā l-ʾāyāti li-qawmin yūqinūna
Those who have no knowledge say, ‘Why does not Allah speak to us, or come to us a sign?’ So said those who were before them, [words] similar to what they say. Alike are their hearts. We have certainly made the signs clear for a people who have certainty.
119
إِنّا أَرسَلناكَ بِالحَقِّ بَشيرًا وَنَذيرًا ۖ وَلا تُسأَلُ عَن أَصحابِ الجَحيمِ
ʾinnā ʾarsalnāka bi-l-ḥaqqi bashīran wa-nadhīran wa-lā tusʾalu ʿan ʾaṣḥābi l-jaḥīmi
Indeed We have sent you with the truth, as a bearer of good news and as a warner, and you will not be questioned concerning the inmates of hell.
120
وَلَن تَرضىٰ عَنكَ اليَهودُ وَلَا النَّصارىٰ حَتّىٰ تَتَّبِعَ مِلَّتَهُم ۗ قُل إِنَّ هُدَى اللَّهِ هُوَ الهُدىٰ ۗ وَلَئِنِ اتَّبَعتَ أَهواءَهُم بَعدَ الَّذي جاءَكَ مِنَ العِلمِ ۙ ما لَكَ مِنَ اللَّهِ مِن وَلِيٍّ وَلا نَصيرٍ
wa-lan tarḍā ʿanka l-yahūdu wa-lā n-naṣārā ḥattā tattabiʿa millatahum qul ʾinna hudā llāhi huwa l-hudā wa-la-ʾini ttabaʿta ʾahwāʾahum baʿda lladhī jāʾaka mina l-ʿilmi mā laka mina llāhi min waliyyin wa-lā naṣīrin
Never will the Jews be pleased with you, nor the Christians, unless you followed their creed. Say, ‘Indeed it is the guidance of Allah which is the [true] guidance.’ And should you follow their desires after the knowledge that has come to you, you will not have against Allah any guardian nor any helper.
121
الَّذينَ آتَيناهُمُ الكِتابَ يَتلونَهُ حَقَّ تِلاوَتِهِ أُولٰئِكَ يُؤمِنونَ بِهِ ۗ وَمَن يَكفُر بِهِ فَأُولٰئِكَ هُمُ الخاسِرونَ
alladhīna ʾātaynāhumu l-kitāba yatlūnahū ḥaqqa tilāwatihī ʾulāʾika yuʾminūna bihī wa-man yakfur bihī fa-ʾulāʾika humu l-khāsirūna
Those to whom We have given the Book follow it as it ought to be followed: they have faith in it. As for those who defy it —it is they who are the losers.
122
يا بَني إِسرائيلَ اذكُروا نِعمَتِيَ الَّتي أَنعَمتُ عَلَيكُم وَأَنّي فَضَّلتُكُم عَلَى العالَمينَ
yā-banī ʾisrāʾīla dhkurū niʿmatiya llatī ʾanʿamtu ʿalaykum wa-ʾannī faḍḍaltukum ʿalā l-ʿālamīna
O Children of Israel, remember My blessing which I bestowed upon you, and that I gave you an advantage over all the nations.
123
وَاتَّقوا يَومًا لا تَجزي نَفسٌ عَن نَفسٍ شَيئًا وَلا يُقبَلُ مِنها عَدلٌ وَلا تَنفَعُها شَفاعَةٌ وَلا هُم يُنصَرونَ
wa-ttaqū yawman lā tajzī nafsun ʿan nafsin shayʾan wa-lā yuqbalu minhā ʿadlun wa-lā tanfaʿuhā shafāʿatun wa-lā hum yunṣarūna
And beware of the Day when no soul shall compensate for another, neither shall any ransom be accepted from it, nor shall any intercession benefit it, nor will they be helped.
124
۞ وَإِذِ ابتَلىٰ إِبراهيمَ رَبُّهُ بِكَلِماتٍ فَأَتَمَّهُنَّ ۖ قالَ إِنّي جاعِلُكَ لِلنّاسِ إِمامًا ۖ قالَ وَمِن ذُرِّيَّتي ۖ قالَ لا يَنالُ عَهدِي الظّالِمينَ
wa-ʾidhi btalā ʾibrāhīma rabbuhū bi-kalimātin fa-ʾatammahunna qāla ʾinnī jāʿiluka li-n-nāsi ʾimāman qāla wa-min dhurriyyatī qāla lā yanālu ʿahdī ẓ-ẓālimīna
And when his Lord tested Abraham with certain words, and he fulfilled them, He said, ‘I am making you the Imam1 of mankind.’ Said he, ‘And from among my descendants?’ He said, ‘My pledge does not extend to the unjust.’That is, the spiritual and temporal guide and leader of mankind. For other Qurʾānic occurrences of this term, see 17:71; 25:74; 28:5; 32:24; 36:12.
125
وَإِذ جَعَلنَا البَيتَ مَثابَةً لِلنّاسِ وَأَمنًا وَاتَّخِذوا مِن مَقامِ إِبراهيمَ مُصَلًّى ۖ وَعَهِدنا إِلىٰ إِبراهيمَ وَإِسماعيلَ أَن طَهِّرا بَيتِيَ لِلطّائِفينَ وَالعاكِفينَ وَالرُّكَّعِ السُّجودِ
wa-ʾidh jaʿalnā l-bayta mathābatan li-n-nāsi wa-ʾamnan wa-ttakhidhū min maqāmi ʾibrāhīma muṣallan wa-ʿahidnā ʾilā ʾibrāhīma wa-ʾismāʿīla ʾan ṭahhirā baytiya li-ṭ-ṭāʾifīna wa-l-ʿākifīna wa-r-rukkaʿi s-sujūdi
And [remember] when We made the House a place of reward1 for mankind and a sanctuary, [declaring], ‘Take the venue of prayer from Abraham’s Station.’2 We charged Abraham and Ishmael [with its upkeep, saying], ‘Purify My House for those who go around it, [for] those who make it a retreat and [for] those who bow and prostrate.’Or ‘confluence,’ or ‘resort,’ depending on whether the term mathābah is taken to mean a place of spiritual reward, a place of gathering, or a place to which one frequently returns.Abraham’s Station (maqām Ibrāhīm) is a spot at a few meters’ distance from the Kaʿbah where a stone relic is kept that bears the footprint of Abraham, behind which the pilgrims offer the prayer of the ṭawāf.
126
وَإِذ قالَ إِبراهيمُ رَبِّ اجعَل هٰذا بَلَدًا آمِنًا وَارزُق أَهلَهُ مِنَ الثَّمَراتِ مَن آمَنَ مِنهُم بِاللَّهِ وَاليَومِ الآخِرِ ۖ قالَ وَمَن كَفَرَ فَأُمَتِّعُهُ قَليلًا ثُمَّ أَضطَرُّهُ إِلىٰ عَذابِ النّارِ ۖ وَبِئسَ المَصيرُ
wa-ʾidh qāla ʾibrāhīmu rabbi jʿal hādhā baladan ʾāminan wa-rzuq ʾahlahū mina th-thamarāti man ʾāmana minhum bi-llāhi wa-l-yawmi l-ʾākhiri qāla wa-man kafara fa-ʾumattiʿuhū qalīlan thumma ʾaḍṭarruhū ʾilā ʿadhābi n-nāri wa-biʾsa l-maṣīru
And when Abraham said, ‘My Lord, make this a secure town, and provide its people with fruits —such of them as have faith in Allah and the Last Day,’ He said, ‘As for him who is faithless, I will provide for him [too] for a short time, then I will shove him toward the punishment of the Fire, and it is an evil destination.’
127
وَإِذ يَرفَعُ إِبراهيمُ القَواعِدَ مِنَ البَيتِ وَإِسماعيلُ رَبَّنا تَقَبَّل مِنّا ۖ إِنَّكَ أَنتَ السَّميعُ العَليمُ
wa-ʾidh yarfaʿu ʾibrāhīmu l-qawāʿida mina l-bayti wa-ʾismāʿīlu rabbanā taqabbal minnā ʾinnaka ʾanta s-samīʿu l-ʿalīmu
As Abraham raised the foundations of the House with Ishmael, [they prayed]: ‘Our Lord, accept it from us! Indeed You are the All-hearing, the All-knowing.
128
رَبَّنا وَاجعَلنا مُسلِمَينِ لَكَ وَمِن ذُرِّيَّتِنا أُمَّةً مُسلِمَةً لَكَ وَأَرِنا مَناسِكَنا وَتُب عَلَينا ۖ إِنَّكَ أَنتَ التَّوّابُ الرَّحيمُ
rabbanā wa-jʿalnā muslimayni laka wa-min dhurriyyatinā ʾummatan muslimatan laka wa-ʾarinā manāsikanā wa-tub ʿalaynā ʾinnaka ʾanta t-tawwābu r-raḥīmu
‘Our Lord, make us submissive to You, and [raise] from our progeny a nation submissive to You, and show us our rites [of worship], and turn to us clemently. Indeed You are the All-clement, the All-merciful.
129
رَبَّنا وَابعَث فيهِم رَسولًا مِنهُم يَتلو عَلَيهِم آياتِكَ وَيُعَلِّمُهُمُ الكِتابَ وَالحِكمَةَ وَيُزَكّيهِم ۚ إِنَّكَ أَنتَ العَزيزُ الحَكيمُ
rabbanā wa-bʿath fīhim rasūlan minhum yatlū ʿalayhim ʾāyātika wa-yuʿallimuhumu l-kitāba wa-l-ḥikmata wa-yuzakkīhim ʾinnaka ʾanta l-ʿazīzu l-ḥakīmu
‘Our Lord, raise amongst them an apostle from among them, who should recite to them Your signs, and teach them the Book and wisdom, and purify them. Indeed You are the All-mighty, the All-wise.’
130
وَمَن يَرغَبُ عَن مِلَّةِ إِبراهيمَ إِلّا مَن سَفِهَ نَفسَهُ ۚ وَلَقَدِ اصطَفَيناهُ فِي الدُّنيا ۖ وَإِنَّهُ فِي الآخِرَةِ لَمِنَ الصّالِحينَ
wa-man yarghabu ʿan millati ʾibrāhīma ʾillā man safiha nafsahū wa-la-qadi ṣṭafaynāhu fī d-dunyā wa-ʾinnahū fī l-ʾākhirati la-mina ṣ-ṣāliḥīna
And who will [ever] renounce Abraham’s creed except one who fools himself? We certainly chose him in the [present] world, and in the Hereafter he will indeed be among the Righteous.1The station of ‘the Righteous’ referred to in this verse is one which even Abraham will attain in the Hereafter. Cf. 16:122. Otherwise all prophets are, of course, righteous; see 3:39, 46; 6:85; 21:75, 86; 37:112.
131
إِذ قالَ لَهُ رَبُّهُ أَسلِم ۖ قالَ أَسلَمتُ لِرَبِّ العالَمينَ
ʾidh qāla lahū rabbuhū ʾaslim qāla ʾaslamtu li-rabbi l-ʿālamīna
When his Lord said to him, ‘Submit,’ he said, ‘I submit to the Lord of all the worlds.’
132
وَوَصّىٰ بِها إِبراهيمُ بَنيهِ وَيَعقوبُ يا بَنِيَّ إِنَّ اللَّهَ اصطَفىٰ لَكُمُ الدّينَ فَلا تَموتُنَّ إِلّا وَأَنتُم مُسلِمونَ
wa-waṣṣā bihā ʾibrāhīmu banīhi wa-yaʿqūbu yā-baniyya ʾinna llāha ṣṭafā lakumu d-dīna fa-lā tamūtunna ʾillā wa-ʾantum muslimūna
Abraham enjoined this [creed] upon his children, and [so did] Jacob, [saying], ‘My children! Allah has indeed chosen this religion for you; so never die except as muslims.’
133
أَم كُنتُم شُهَداءَ إِذ حَضَرَ يَعقوبَ المَوتُ إِذ قالَ لِبَنيهِ ما تَعبُدونَ مِن بَعدي قالوا نَعبُدُ إِلٰهَكَ وَإِلٰهَ آبائِكَ إِبراهيمَ وَإِسماعيلَ وَإِسحاقَ إِلٰهًا واحِدًا وَنَحنُ لَهُ مُسلِمونَ
ʾam kuntum shuhadāʾa ʾidh ḥaḍara yaʿqūba l-mawtu ʾidh qāla li-banīhi mā taʿbudūna min baʿdī qālū naʿbudu ʾilāhaka wa-ʾilāha ʾābāʾika ʾibrāhīma wa-ʾismāʿīla wa-ʾisḥāqa ʾilāhan wāḥidan wa-naḥnu lahū muslimūna
Were you witnesses when death approached Jacob, when he said to his children, ‘What will you worship after me?’ They said, ‘We will worship your God, and the God of your fathers, Abraham, Ishmael, and Isaac, the One God, and to Him do we submit.’
134
تِلكَ أُمَّةٌ قَد خَلَت ۖ لَها ما كَسَبَت وَلَكُم ما كَسَبتُم ۖ وَلا تُسأَلونَ عَمّا كانوا يَعمَلونَ
tilka ʾummatun qad khalat lahā mā kasabat wa-lakum mā kasabtum wa-lā tusʾalūna ʿammā kānū yaʿmalūna
That was a nation that has passed: for it there will be what it has earned, and for you there will be what you have earned, and you will not be questioned about what they used to do.
135
وَقالوا كونوا هودًا أَو نَصارىٰ تَهتَدوا ۗ قُل بَل مِلَّةَ إِبراهيمَ حَنيفًا ۖ وَما كانَ مِنَ المُشرِكينَ
wa-qālū kūnū hūdan ʾaw naṣārā tahtadū qul bal millata ʾibrāhīma ḥanīfan wa-mā kāna mina l-mushrikīna
And they say, ‘Be either Jews or Christians, that you may be [rightly] guided.’ Say, ‘Rather [we will follow] the creed of Abraham, a ḥanīf, and he was not one of the polytheists.’
136
قولوا آمَنّا بِاللَّهِ وَما أُنزِلَ إِلَينا وَما أُنزِلَ إِلىٰ إِبراهيمَ وَإِسماعيلَ وَإِسحاقَ وَيَعقوبَ وَالأَسباطِ وَما أوتِيَ موسىٰ وَعيسىٰ وَما أوتِيَ النَّبِيّونَ مِن رَبِّهِم لا نُفَرِّقُ بَينَ أَحَدٍ مِنهُم وَنَحنُ لَهُ مُسلِمونَ
qūlū ʾāmannā bi-llāhi wa-mā ʾunzila ʾilaynā wa-mā ʾunzila ʾilā ʾibrāhīma wa-ʾismāʿīla wa-ʾisḥāqa wa-yaʿqūba wa-l-ʾasbāṭi wa-mā ʾūtiya mūsā wa-ʿīsā wa-mā ʾūtiya n-nabiyyūna min rabbihim lā nufarriqu bayna ʾaḥadin minhum wa-naḥnu lahū muslimūna
Say, ‘We have faith in Allah, and that which has been sent down to us, and that which was sent down to Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob and the Tribes,1 and that which Moses and Jesus were given, and that which the prophets were given from their Lord; we make no distinction between any of them, and to Him do we submit.’That is, the twelve tribes of the Israelites, who received the revelations through the prophets that were sent to them. Cf. 2:140; 3:84; 4:163.
137
فَإِن آمَنوا بِمِثلِ ما آمَنتُم بِهِ فَقَدِ اهتَدَوا ۖ وَإِن تَوَلَّوا فَإِنَّما هُم في شِقاقٍ ۖ فَسَيَكفيكَهُمُ اللَّهُ ۚ وَهُوَ السَّميعُ العَليمُ
fa-ʾin ʾāmanū bi-mithli mā ʾāmantum bihī fa-qadi htadaw wa-ʾin tawallaw fa-ʾinnamā hum fī shiqāqin fa-sa-yakfīkahumu llāhu wa-huwa s-samīʿu l-ʿalīmu
So if they believe in the like of what you believe in, then they are certainly guided; and if they turn away, then they are only [steeped] in defiance. Allah shall suffice you against them, and He is the All-hearing, the All-knowing.
138
صِبغَةَ اللَّهِ ۖ وَمَن أَحسَنُ مِنَ اللَّهِ صِبغَةً ۖ وَنَحنُ لَهُ عابِدونَ
ṣibghata llāhi wa-man ʾaḥsanu mina llāhi ṣibghatan wa-naḥnu lahū ʿābidūna
The baptism of Allah, and who baptizes better than Allah? And Him do we worship.’
139
قُل أَتُحاجّونَنا فِي اللَّهِ وَهُوَ رَبُّنا وَرَبُّكُم وَلَنا أَعمالُنا وَلَكُم أَعمالُكُم وَنَحنُ لَهُ مُخلِصونَ
qul ʾa-tuḥājjūnanā fī llāhi wa-huwa rabbunā wa-rabbukum wa-lanā ʾaʿmālunā wa-lakum ʾaʿmālukum wa-naḥnu lahū mukhliṣūna
Say, ‘Will you argue with us concerning Allah, while He is our Lord and your Lord, and our deeds belong to us, and your deeds belong to you, and we worship Him dedicatedly?’
140
أَم تَقولونَ إِنَّ إِبراهيمَ وَإِسماعيلَ وَإِسحاقَ وَيَعقوبَ وَالأَسباطَ كانوا هودًا أَو نَصارىٰ ۗ قُل أَأَنتُم أَعلَمُ أَمِ اللَّهُ ۗ وَمَن أَظلَمُ مِمَّن كَتَمَ شَهادَةً عِندَهُ مِنَ اللَّهِ ۗ وَمَا اللَّهُ بِغافِلٍ عَمّا تَعمَلونَ
ʾam taqūlūna ʾinna ʾibrāhīma wa-ʾismāʿīla wa-ʾisḥāqa wa-yaʿqūba wa-l-ʾasbāṭa kānū hūdan ʾaw naṣārā qul ʾa-ʾantum ʾaʿlamu ʾami llāhu wa-man ʾaẓlamu mimman katama shahādatan ʿindahū mina llāhi wa-mā llāhu bi-ghāfilin ʿammā taʿmalūna
Do you say that Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, and the Tribes were Jews or Christians? Say, ‘Is it you who know better, or Allah?’ And who is a greater wrongdoer than him who conceals a testimony that is with him from Allah? And Allah is not oblivious of what you do.
141
تِلكَ أُمَّةٌ قَد خَلَت ۖ لَها ما كَسَبَت وَلَكُم ما كَسَبتُم ۖ وَلا تُسأَلونَ عَمّا كانوا يَعمَلونَ
tilka ʾummatun qad khalat lahā mā kasabat wa-lakum mā kasabtum wa-lā tusʾalūna ʿammā kānū yaʿmalūna
That was a nation that has passed: for it there will be what it has earned, and for you there will be what you have earned, and you will not be questioned about what they used to do.
142
۞ سَيَقولُ السُّفَهاءُ مِنَ النّاسِ ما وَلّاهُم عَن قِبلَتِهِمُ الَّتي كانوا عَلَيها ۚ قُل لِلَّهِ المَشرِقُ وَالمَغرِبُ ۚ يَهدي مَن يَشاءُ إِلىٰ صِراطٍ مُستَقيمٍ
sa-yaqūlu s-sufahāʾu mina n-nāsi mā wallāhum ʿan qiblatihimu llatī kānū ʿalayhā qul li-llāhi l-mashriqu wa-l-maghribu yahdī man yashāʾu ʾilā ṣirāṭin mustaqīmin
The foolish among the people1 will say, ‘What has turned them away from the qiblah they were following?’2 Say, ‘To Allah belong the east and the west. He guides whomever He wishes to a straight path.’That is, the Jews or the hypocrites amongst muslims, or both.The muslims first used to pray facing in the direction of Bayt al-Maqdis. This and the verses that follow pertain to the change of the qiblah, or the direction faced during prayer, from Quds to the Kaʿbah, in Makkah.
143
وَكَذٰلِكَ جَعَلناكُم أُمَّةً وَسَطًا لِتَكونوا شُهَداءَ عَلَى النّاسِ وَيَكونَ الرَّسولُ عَلَيكُم شَهيدًا ۗ وَما جَعَلنَا القِبلَةَ الَّتي كُنتَ عَلَيها إِلّا لِنَعلَمَ مَن يَتَّبِعُ الرَّسولَ مِمَّن يَنقَلِبُ عَلىٰ عَقِبَيهِ ۚ وَإِن كانَت لَكَبيرَةً إِلّا عَلَى الَّذينَ هَدَى اللَّهُ ۗ وَما كانَ اللَّهُ لِيُضيعَ إيمانَكُم ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ بِالنّاسِ لَرَءوفٌ رَحيمٌ
wa-ka-dhālika jaʿalnākum ʾummatan wasaṭan li-takūnū shuhadāʾa ʿalā n-nāsi wa-yakūna r-rasūlu ʿalaykum shahīdan wa-mā jaʿalnā l-qiblata llatī kunta ʿalayhā ʾillā li-naʿlama man yattabiʿu r-rasūla mimman yanqalibu ʿalā ʿaqibayhi wa-ʾin kānat la-kabīratan ʾillā ʿalā lladhīna hadā llāhu wa-mā kāna llāhu li-yuḍīʿa ʾīmānakum ʾinna llāha bi-n-nāsi la-raʾūfun raḥīmun
Thus We have made you a middle nation that you may be witnesses to the people, and that the Apostle may be a witness to you.And We did not appoint the qiblah you were following but that We may ascertain those who follow the Apostle from those who turn back on their heels. It was indeed a hard thing except for those whom Allah has guided. And Allah would not let your prayers go to waste.1 Indeed Allah is most kind and merciful to mankind.‘Īmān’ here means prayers. Allah reassures the faithful that the prayers they have offered earlier facing towards Quds will not be wasted by the change of qiblah.
144
قَد نَرىٰ تَقَلُّبَ وَجهِكَ فِي السَّماءِ ۖ فَلَنُوَلِّيَنَّكَ قِبلَةً تَرضاها ۚ فَوَلِّ وَجهَكَ شَطرَ المَسجِدِ الحَرامِ ۚ وَحَيثُ ما كُنتُم فَوَلّوا وُجوهَكُم شَطرَهُ ۗ وَإِنَّ الَّذينَ أوتُوا الكِتابَ لَيَعلَمونَ أَنَّهُ الحَقُّ مِن رَبِّهِم ۗ وَمَا اللَّهُ بِغافِلٍ عَمّا يَعمَلونَ
qad narā taqalluba wajhika fī s-samāʾi fa-la-nuwalliyannaka qiblatan tarḍāhā fa-walli wajhaka shaṭra l-masjidi l-ḥarāmi wa-ḥaythu mā kuntum fa-wallū wujūhakum shaṭrahū wa-ʾinna lladhīna ʾūtū l-kitāba la-yaʿlamūna ʾannahu l-ḥaqqu min rabbihim wa-mā llāhu bi-ghāfilin ʿammā yaʿmalūna
We certainly see you turning your face about in the sky. We will surely turn you to a qiblah of your liking: so turn your face towards the Holy Mosque, and wherever you may be, turn your faces towards it! Indeed those who were given the Book surely know that it is the truth from their Lord. And Allah is not oblivious of what they do.
145
وَلَئِن أَتَيتَ الَّذينَ أوتُوا الكِتابَ بِكُلِّ آيَةٍ ما تَبِعوا قِبلَتَكَ ۚ وَما أَنتَ بِتابِعٍ قِبلَتَهُم ۚ وَما بَعضُهُم بِتابِعٍ قِبلَةَ بَعضٍ ۚ وَلَئِنِ اتَّبَعتَ أَهواءَهُم مِن بَعدِ ما جاءَكَ مِنَ العِلمِ ۙ إِنَّكَ إِذًا لَمِنَ الظّالِمينَ
wa-la-ʾin ʾatayta lladhīna ʾūtū l-kitāba bi-kulli ʾāyatin mā tabiʿū qiblataka wa-mā ʾanta bi-tābiʿin qiblatahum wa-mā baʿḍuhum bi-tābiʿin qiblata baʿḍin wa-la-ʾini ttabaʿta ʾahwāʾahum min baʿdi mā jāʾaka mina l-ʿilmi ʾinnaka ʾidhan la-mina ẓ-ẓālimīna
Even if you bring those who were given the Book every [kind of] sign,1 they will not follow your qiblah. Nor shall you follow their qiblah, nor will any of them follow the qiblah of the other. And if you follow their desires, after the knowledge that has come to you, you will indeed be one of the wrongdoers.That is, every kind of miracle.
146
الَّذينَ آتَيناهُمُ الكِتابَ يَعرِفونَهُ كَما يَعرِفونَ أَبناءَهُم ۖ وَإِنَّ فَريقًا مِنهُم لَيَكتُمونَ الحَقَّ وَهُم يَعلَمونَ
alladhīna ʾātaynāhumu l-kitāba yaʿrifūnahū ka-mā yaʿrifūna ʾabnāʾahum wa-ʾinna farīqan minhum la-yaktumūna l-ḥaqqa wa-hum yaʿlamūna
Those whom We have given the Book recognize him just as they recognize their sons,1 but a part of them indeed conceal the truth while they know.Cf. 6:20.
147
الحَقُّ مِن رَبِّكَ ۖ فَلا تَكونَنَّ مِنَ المُمتَرينَ
al-ḥaqqu min rabbika fa-lā takūnanna mina l-mumtarīna
This is the truth from your Lord; so do not be among the skeptics.
148
وَلِكُلٍّ وِجهَةٌ هُوَ مُوَلّيها ۖ فَاستَبِقُوا الخَيراتِ ۚ أَينَ ما تَكونوا يَأتِ بِكُمُ اللَّهُ جَميعًا ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلىٰ كُلِّ شَيءٍ قَديرٌ
wa-li-kullin wijhatun huwa muwallīhā fa-stabiqū l-khayrāti ʾayna mā takūnū yaʾti bikumu llāhu jamīʿan ʾinna llāha ʿalā kulli shayʾin qadīrun
Everyone has a cynosure to which he turns; so take the lead in all good works. Wherever you may be, Allah will bring you all together. Indeed Allah has power over all things.
149
وَمِن حَيثُ خَرَجتَ فَوَلِّ وَجهَكَ شَطرَ المَسجِدِ الحَرامِ ۖ وَإِنَّهُ لَلحَقُّ مِن رَبِّكَ ۗ وَمَا اللَّهُ بِغافِلٍ عَمّا تَعمَلونَ
wa-min ḥaythu kharajta fa-walli wajhaka shaṭra l-masjidi l-ḥarāmi wa-ʾinnahū la-l-ḥaqqu min rabbika wa-mā llāhu bi-ghāfilin ʿammā taʿmalūna
Whencesoever you may go out, turn your face towards the Holy Mosque. Indeed it is the truth from your Lord, and Allah is not oblivious of what you do.
150
وَمِن حَيثُ خَرَجتَ فَوَلِّ وَجهَكَ شَطرَ المَسجِدِ الحَرامِ ۚ وَحَيثُ ما كُنتُم فَوَلّوا وُجوهَكُم شَطرَهُ لِئَلّا يَكونَ لِلنّاسِ عَلَيكُم حُجَّةٌ إِلَّا الَّذينَ ظَلَموا مِنهُم فَلا تَخشَوهُم وَاخشَوني وَلِأُتِمَّ نِعمَتي عَلَيكُم وَلَعَلَّكُم تَهتَدونَ
wa-min ḥaythu kharajta fa-walli wajhaka shaṭra l-masjidi l-ḥarāmi wa-ḥaythu mā kuntum fa-wallū wujūhakum shaṭrahū li-ʾallā yakūna li-n-nāsi ʿalaykum ḥujjatun ʾillā lladhīna ẓalamū minhum fa-lā takhshawhum wa-khshawnī wa-li-ʾutimma niʿmatī ʿalaykum wa-laʿallakum tahtadūna
And whencesoever you may go out, turn your face towards the Holy Mosque, and wherever you may be, turn your faces towards it, so that the people may have no argument against you, neither those of them who are wrongdoers.1 So do not fear them, but fear Me, that I may complete My blessing on you and so that you may be guided.As suggested by the Tafsīr al-Qummī, illā here stands for wa lā, and does not imply exclusion.
151
كَما أَرسَلنا فيكُم رَسولًا مِنكُم يَتلو عَلَيكُم آياتِنا وَيُزَكّيكُم وَيُعَلِّمُكُمُ الكِتابَ وَالحِكمَةَ وَيُعَلِّمُكُم ما لَم تَكونوا تَعلَمونَ
ka-mā ʾarsalnā fīkum rasūlan minkum yatlū ʿalaykum ʾāyātinā wa-yuzakkīkum wa-yuʿallimukumu l-kitāba wa-l-ḥikmata wa-yuʿallimukum mā lam takūnū taʿlamūna
As We sent to you an Apostle from among yourselves, who recites to you Our signs, and purifies you, and teaches you the Book and wisdom, and teaches you what you did not know.
152
فَاذكُروني أَذكُركُم وَاشكُروا لي وَلا تَكفُرونِ
fa-dhkurūnī ʾadhkurkum wa-shkurū lī wa-lā takfurūni
Remember Me, and I will remember you, and thank Me, and do not be ungrateful to Me.
153
يا أَيُّهَا الَّذينَ آمَنُوا استَعينوا بِالصَّبرِ وَالصَّلاةِ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَ الصّابِرينَ
yā-ʾayyuhā lladhīna ʾāmanū staʿīnū bi-ṣ-ṣabri wa-ṣ-ṣalāti ʾinna llāha maʿa ṣ-ṣābirīna
O you who have faith! Take recourse in patience and prayer; indeed Allah is with the patient.
154
وَلا تَقولوا لِمَن يُقتَلُ في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ أَمواتٌ ۚ بَل أَحياءٌ وَلٰكِن لا تَشعُرونَ
wa-lā taqūlū li-man yuqtalu fī sabīli llāhi ʾamwātun bal ʾaḥyāʾun wa-lākin lā tashʿurūna
And do not call those who were slain in Allah’s way ‘dead.’ Rather they are living, but you are not aware.
155
وَلَنَبلُوَنَّكُم بِشَيءٍ مِنَ الخَوفِ وَالجوعِ وَنَقصٍ مِنَ الأَموالِ وَالأَنفُسِ وَالثَّمَراتِ ۗ وَبَشِّرِ الصّابِرينَ
wa-la-nabluwannakum bi-shayʾin mina l-khawfi wa-l-jūʿi wa-naqṣin mina l-ʾamwāli wa-l-ʾanfusi wa-th-thamarāti wa-bashshiri ṣ-ṣābirīna
We will surely test you with a measure of fear and hunger and a loss of wealth, lives, and fruits; and give good news to the patient
156
الَّذينَ إِذا أَصابَتهُم مُصيبَةٌ قالوا إِنّا لِلَّهِ وَإِنّا إِلَيهِ راجِعونَ
alladhīna ʾidhā ʾaṣābathum muṣībatun qālū ʾinnā li-llāhi wa-ʾinnā ʾilayhi rājiʿūna
—those who, when an affliction visits them, say, ‘Indeed we belong to Allah, and to Him do we indeed return.’
157
أُولٰئِكَ عَلَيهِم صَلَواتٌ مِن رَبِّهِم وَرَحمَةٌ ۖ وَأُولٰئِكَ هُمُ المُهتَدونَ
ʾulāʾika ʿalayhim ṣalawātun min rabbihim wa-raḥmatun wa-ʾulāʾika humu l-muhtadūna
It is they who receive the blessings of their Lord and [His] mercy, and it is they who are the [rightly] guided.
158
۞ إِنَّ الصَّفا وَالمَروَةَ مِن شَعائِرِ اللَّهِ ۖ فَمَن حَجَّ البَيتَ أَوِ اعتَمَرَ فَلا جُناحَ عَلَيهِ أَن يَطَّوَّفَ بِهِما ۚ وَمَن تَطَوَّعَ خَيرًا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ شاكِرٌ عَليمٌ
ʾinna ṣ-ṣafā wa-l-marwata min shaʿāʾiri llāhi fa-man hajja l-bayta ʾawi ʿtamara fa-lā junāḥa ʿalayhi ʾan yaṭṭawwafa bihimā wa-man taṭawwaʿa khayran fa-ʾinna llāha shākirun ʿalīmun
Indeed Safa and Marwah are among Allah’s sacraments. So whoever makes ḥajj to the House, or performs the ʿumrah, there is no sin upon him to circuit between them. Should anyone do good of his own accord, then Allah is indeed appreciative, all-knowing.
159
إِنَّ الَّذينَ يَكتُمونَ ما أَنزَلنا مِنَ البَيِّناتِ وَالهُدىٰ مِن بَعدِ ما بَيَّنّاهُ لِلنّاسِ فِي الكِتابِ ۙ أُولٰئِكَ يَلعَنُهُمُ اللَّهُ وَيَلعَنُهُمُ اللّاعِنونَ
ʾinna lladhīna yaktumūna mā ʾanzalnā mina l-bayyināti wa-l-hudā min baʿdi mā bayyannāhu li-n-nāsi fī l-kitābi ʾulāʾika yalʿanuhumu llāhu wa-yalʿanuhumu l-lāʿinūna
Indeed those who conceal what We have sent down of manifest proofs and guidance, after We have clarified it in the Book for mankind, —they shall be cursed by Allah and cursed by the cursers,
160
إِلَّا الَّذينَ تابوا وَأَصلَحوا وَبَيَّنوا فَأُولٰئِكَ أَتوبُ عَلَيهِم ۚ وَأَنَا التَّوّابُ الرَّحيمُ
ʾillā lladhīna tābū wa-ʾaṣlaḥū wa-bayyanū fa-ʾulāʾika ʾatūbu ʿalayhim wa-ʾana t-tawwābu r-raḥīmu
except such as repent, make amends, and clarify, —those I shall pardon, and I am the All-clement, the All-merciful.
161
إِنَّ الَّذينَ كَفَروا وَماتوا وَهُم كُفّارٌ أُولٰئِكَ عَلَيهِم لَعنَةُ اللَّهِ وَالمَلائِكَةِ وَالنّاسِ أَجمَعينَ
ʾinna lladhīna kafarū wa-mātū wa-hum kuffārun ʾulāʾika ʿalayhim laʿnatu llāhi wa-l-malāʾikati wa-n-nāsi ʾajmaʿīna
Indeed those who turn faithless and die while they are faithless, —it is they on whom shall be the curse of Allah, the angels and all mankind.
162
خالِدينَ فيها ۖ لا يُخَفَّفُ عَنهُمُ العَذابُ وَلا هُم يُنظَرونَ
khālidīna fīhā lā yukhaffafu ʿanhumu l-ʿadhābu wa-lā hum yunẓarūna
They will remain in it [forever], and their punishment shall not be lightened, nor will they be granted any respite.
163
وَإِلٰهُكُم إِلٰهٌ واحِدٌ ۖ لا إِلٰهَ إِلّا هُوَ الرَّحمٰنُ الرَّحيمُ
wa-ʾilāhukum ʾilāhun wāḥidun lā ʾilāha ʾillā huwa r-raḥmānu r-raḥīmu
Your god is the One God, there is no god except Him, the All-beneficent, the All-merciful.
164
إِنَّ في خَلقِ السَّماواتِ وَالأَرضِ وَاختِلافِ اللَّيلِ وَالنَّهارِ وَالفُلكِ الَّتي تَجري فِي البَحرِ بِما يَنفَعُ النّاسَ وَما أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ مِنَ السَّماءِ مِن ماءٍ فَأَحيا بِهِ الأَرضَ بَعدَ مَوتِها وَبَثَّ فيها مِن كُلِّ دابَّةٍ وَتَصريفِ الرِّياحِ وَالسَّحابِ المُسَخَّرِ بَينَ السَّماءِ وَالأَرضِ لَآياتٍ لِقَومٍ يَعقِلونَ
ʾinna fī khalqi s-samāwāti wa-l-ʾarḍi wa-khtilāfi l-layli wa-n-nahāri wa-l-fulki llatī tajrī fī l-baḥri bi-mā yanfaʿu n-nāsa wa-mā ʾanzala llāhu mina s-samāʾi min māʾin fa-ʾaḥyā bihi l-ʾarḍa baʿda mawtihā wa-baththa fīhā min kulli dābbatin wa-taṣrīfi r-riyāḥi wa-s-saḥābi l-musakhkhari bayna s-samāʾi wa-l-ʾarḍi la-ʾāyātin li-qawmin yaʿqilūna
Indeed in the creation of the heavens and the earth, and the alternation of night and day, and the ships that sail at sea with profit to men, and the water that Allah sends down from the sky —with which He revives the earth after its death, and scatters therein every kind of animal— and the changing of the winds, and the clouds disposed between the sky and the earth, are surely signs for a people who apply reason.
165
وَمِنَ النّاسِ مَن يَتَّخِذُ مِن دونِ اللَّهِ أَندادًا يُحِبّونَهُم كَحُبِّ اللَّهِ ۖ وَالَّذينَ آمَنوا أَشَدُّ حُبًّا لِلَّهِ ۗ وَلَو يَرَى الَّذينَ ظَلَموا إِذ يَرَونَ العَذابَ أَنَّ القُوَّةَ لِلَّهِ جَميعًا وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ شَديدُ العَذابِ
wa-mina n-nāsi man yattakhidhu min dūni llāhi ʾandādan yuḥibbūnahum ka-ḥubbi llāhi wa-lladhīna ʾāmanū ʾashaddu ḥubban li-llāhi wa-law yarā lladhīna ẓalamū ʾidh yarawna l-ʿadhāba ʾanna l-quwwata li-llāhi jamīʿan wa-ʾanna llāha shadīdu l-ʿadhābi
Among the people are those who set up compeers besides Allah, loving them as if loving Allah —but the faithful have a more ardent love for Allah— though the wrongdoers will see, when they sight the punishment, that power, altogether, belongs to Allah, and that Allah is severe in punishment.
166
إِذ تَبَرَّأَ الَّذينَ اتُّبِعوا مِنَ الَّذينَ اتَّبَعوا وَرَأَوُا العَذابَ وَتَقَطَّعَت بِهِمُ الأَسبابُ
ʾidh tabarraʾa lladhīna ttubiʿū mina lladhīna ttabaʿū wa-raʾawu l-ʿadhāba wa-taqaṭṭaʿat bihimu l-ʾasbābu
When those who were followed will disown the followers, and they will sight the punishment while all their means of recourse will be cut off,
167
وَقالَ الَّذينَ اتَّبَعوا لَو أَنَّ لَنا كَرَّةً فَنَتَبَرَّأَ مِنهُم كَما تَبَرَّءوا مِنّا ۗ كَذٰلِكَ يُريهِمُ اللَّهُ أَعمالَهُم حَسَراتٍ عَلَيهِم ۖ وَما هُم بِخارِجينَ مِنَ النّارِ
wa-qāla lladhīna ttabaʿū law ʾanna lanā karratan fa-natabarraʾa minhum ka-mā tabarraʾū minnā ka-dhālika yurīhimu llāhu ʾaʿmālahum ḥasarātin ʿalayhim wa-mā hum bi-khārijīna mina n-nāri
and when the followers will say, ‘Had there been another turn for us, we would disown them as they disown us [now]!’ Thus shall Allah show them their deeds as regrets for themselves, and they shall not leave the Fire.
168
يا أَيُّهَا النّاسُ كُلوا مِمّا فِي الأَرضِ حَلالًا طَيِّبًا وَلا تَتَّبِعوا خُطُواتِ الشَّيطانِ ۚ إِنَّهُ لَكُم عَدُوٌّ مُبينٌ
yā-ʾayyuhā n-nāsu kulū mimmā fī l-ʾarḍi ḥalālan ṭayyiban wa-lā tattabiʿū khuṭuwāti sh-shayṭāni ʾinnahū lakum ʿaduwwun mubīnun
O mankind! Eat of what is lawful and pure in the earth, and do not follow in Satan’s steps. Indeed he is your manifest enemy.
169
إِنَّما يَأمُرُكُم بِالسّوءِ وَالفَحشاءِ وَأَن تَقولوا عَلَى اللَّهِ ما لا تَعلَمونَ
ʾinnamā yaʾmurukum bi-s-sūʾi wa-l-faḥshāʾi wa-ʾan taqūlū ʿalā llāhi mā lā taʿlamūna
He only prompts you to [commit] evil and indecent acts, and that you attribute to Allah what you do not know.
170
وَإِذا قيلَ لَهُمُ اتَّبِعوا ما أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ قالوا بَل نَتَّبِعُ ما أَلفَينا عَلَيهِ آباءَنا ۗ أَوَلَو كانَ آباؤُهُم لا يَعقِلونَ شَيئًا وَلا يَهتَدونَ
wa-ʾidhā qīla lahumu ttabiʿū mā ʾanzala llāhu qālū bal nattabiʿu mā ʾalfaynā ʿalayhi ʾābāʾanā ʾa-wa-law kāna ʾābāʾuhum lā yaʿqilūna shayʾan wa-lā yahtadūna
When they are told, ‘Follow what Allah has sent down,’ they say, ‘We will rather follow what we have found our fathers following.’ What, even if their fathers neither applied any reason nor were guided?!
171
وَمَثَلُ الَّذينَ كَفَروا كَمَثَلِ الَّذي يَنعِقُ بِما لا يَسمَعُ إِلّا دُعاءً وَنِداءً ۚ صُمٌّ بُكمٌ عُميٌ فَهُم لا يَعقِلونَ
wa-mathalu lladhīna kafarū ka-mathali lladhī yanʿiqu bi-mā lā yasmaʿu ʾillā duʿāʾan wa-nidāʾan ṣummun bukmun ʿumyun fa-hum lā yaʿqilūna
The parable of the faithless is that of someone who shouts after that which does not hear [anything] except a call and cry: deaf, dumb, and blind, they do not apply reason.
172
يا أَيُّهَا الَّذينَ آمَنوا كُلوا مِن طَيِّباتِ ما رَزَقناكُم وَاشكُروا لِلَّهِ إِن كُنتُم إِيّاهُ تَعبُدونَ
yā-ʾayyuhā lladhīna ʾāmanū kulū min ṭayyibāti mā razaqnākum wa-shkurū li-llāhi ʾin kuntum ʾiyyāhu taʿbudūna
O you who have faith! Eat of the good things We have provided you, and thank Allah, if it is Him that you worship.
173
إِنَّما حَرَّمَ عَلَيكُمُ المَيتَةَ وَالدَّمَ وَلَحمَ الخِنزيرِ وَما أُهِلَّ بِهِ لِغَيرِ اللَّهِ ۖ فَمَنِ اضطُرَّ غَيرَ باغٍ وَلا عادٍ فَلا إِثمَ عَلَيهِ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفورٌ رَحيمٌ
ʾinnamā ḥarrama ʿalaykumu l-maytata wa-d-dama wa-l-laḥma l-khinzīri wa-mā ʾuhilla bihī li-ghayri llāhi fa-mani ḍṭurra ghayra bāghin wa-lā ʿādin fa-lā ʾithma ʿalayhi ʾinna llāha ghafūrun raḥīmun
He has forbidden you only carrion, blood, the flesh of the swine, and that which has been offered to other than Allah. But should someone be compelled, without being rebellious or aggressive,1 there shall be no sin upon him. Indeed Allah is all-forgiving, all-merciful.According to some exegetical traditions, bāghī refers to one who rebels against a just ruler (according to another interpretation, to a hunter), and ʿādī refers to a thief or highwayman (see Ṭabarī, Rāzī, al-Tafsīr al-Burhān). Cf. 6:145; 16:115.
174
إِنَّ الَّذينَ يَكتُمونَ ما أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ مِنَ الكِتابِ وَيَشتَرونَ بِهِ ثَمَنًا قَليلًا ۙ أُولٰئِكَ ما يَأكُلونَ في بُطونِهِم إِلَّا النّارَ وَلا يُكَلِّمُهُمُ اللَّهُ يَومَ القِيامَةِ وَلا يُزَكّيهِم وَلَهُم عَذابٌ أَليمٌ
ʾinna lladhīna yaktumūna mā ʾanzala llāhu mina l-kitābi wa-yashtarūna bihī thamanan qalīlan ʾulāʾika mā yaʾkulūna fī buṭūnihim ʾillā n-nāra wa-lā yukallimuhumu llāhu yawma l-qiyāmati wa-lā yuzakkīhim wa-lahum ʿadhābun ʾalīmun
Indeed those who conceal what Allah has sent down of the Book and sell it for a paltry gain —they do not take in, into their bellies, [anything] except fire, and Allah shall not speak to them on the Day of Resurrection, nor shall He purify them, and there is a painful punishment for them.
175
أُولٰئِكَ الَّذينَ اشتَرَوُا الضَّلالَةَ بِالهُدىٰ وَالعَذابَ بِالمَغفِرَةِ ۚ فَما أَصبَرَهُم عَلَى النّارِ
ʾulāʾika lladhīna shtarawu ḍ-ḍalālata bi-l-hudā wa-l-ʿadhāba bi-l-maghfirati fa-mā ʾaṣbarahum ʿalā n-nāri
They are the ones who bought error for guidance, and punishment for pardon: how patient of them to face the Fire!1Or ‘what has made them tolerant of the Fire?’
176
ذٰلِكَ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ نَزَّلَ الكِتابَ بِالحَقِّ ۗ وَإِنَّ الَّذينَ اختَلَفوا فِي الكِتابِ لَفي شِقاقٍ بَعيدٍ
dhālika bi-ʾanna llāha nazzala l-kitāba bi-l-ḥaqqi wa-ʾinna lladhīna khtalafū fī l-kitābi la-fī shiqāqin baʿīdin
That is so because Allah has sent down the Book with the truth, and those who differ about the Book are surely in extreme defiance.
177
۞ لَيسَ البِرَّ أَن تُوَلّوا وُجوهَكُم قِبَلَ المَشرِقِ وَالمَغرِبِ وَلٰكِنَّ البِرَّ مَن آمَنَ بِاللَّهِ وَاليَومِ الآخِرِ وَالمَلائِكَةِ وَالكِتابِ وَالنَّبِيّينَ وَآتَى المالَ عَلىٰ حُبِّهِ ذَوِي القُربىٰ وَاليَتامىٰ وَالمَساكينَ وَابنَ السَّبيلِ وَالسّائِلينَ وَفِي الرِّقابِ وَأَقامَ الصَّلاةَ وَآتَى الزَّكاةَ وَالموفونَ بِعَهدِهِم إِذا عاهَدوا ۖ وَالصّابِرينَ فِي البَأساءِ وَالضَّرّاءِ وَحينَ البَأسِ ۗ أُولٰئِكَ الَّذينَ صَدَقوا ۖ وَأُولٰئِكَ هُمُ المُتَّقونَ
laysa l-birra ʾan tuwallū wujūhakum qibala l-mashriqi wa-l-maghribi wa-lākinna l-birra man ʾāmana bi-llāhi wa-l-yawmi l-ʾākhiri wa-l-malāʾikati wa-l-kitābi wa-n-nabiyyīna wa-ʾātā l-māla ʿalā ḥubbihī dhawī l-qurbā wa-l-yatāmā wa-l-masākīna wa-bna s-sabīli wa-s-sāʾilīna wa-fī r-riqābi wa-ʾaqāma ṣ-ṣalāta wa-ʾātā z-zakāta wa-l-mūfūna bi-ʿahdihim ʾidhā ʿāhadū wa-ṣ-ṣābirīna fī l-baʾsāʾi wa-ḍ-ḍarrāʾi wa-ḥīna l-baʾsi ʾulāʾika lladhīna ṣadaqū wa-ʾulāʾika humu l-muttaqūna
Piety is not to turn your faces to the east or the west; rather, piety is [personified by] those who have faith in Allah and the Last Day, the angels, the Book, and the prophets, and who give their wealth, for the love of Him,1 to relatives, orphans, the needy, the traveller and the beggar, and for [the freeing of] the slaves, and maintain the prayer and give the zakāt, and those who fulfill their covenants, when they pledge themselves, and those who are patient in stress and distress,2 and in the heat of battle. They are the ones who are true [to their covenant], and it is they who are the Godwary.Or ‘despite their love of it.’ Cf. 76:8.That is, in poverty and sickness.
178
يا أَيُّهَا الَّذينَ آمَنوا كُتِبَ عَلَيكُمُ القِصاصُ فِي القَتلَى ۖ الحُرُّ بِالحُرِّ وَالعَبدُ بِالعَبدِ وَالأُنثىٰ بِالأُنثىٰ ۚ فَمَن عُفِيَ لَهُ مِن أَخيهِ شَيءٌ فَاتِّباعٌ بِالمَعروفِ وَأَداءٌ إِلَيهِ بِإِحسانٍ ۗ ذٰلِكَ تَخفيفٌ مِن رَبِّكُم وَرَحمَةٌ ۗ فَمَنِ اعتَدىٰ بَعدَ ذٰلِكَ فَلَهُ عَذابٌ أَليمٌ
yā-ʾayyuhā lladhīna ʾāmanū kutiba ʿalaykumu l-qiṣāṣu fī l-qatlā l-ḥurru bi-l-ḥurri wa-l-ʿabdu bi-l-ʿabdi wa-l-ʾunthā bi-l-ʾunthā fa-man ʿufiya lahū min ʾakhīhi shayʾun fa-ttibāʿun bi-l-maʿrūfi wa-ʾadāʾun ʾilayhi bi-ʾiḥsānin dhālika takhfīfun min rabbikum wa-raḥmatun fa-mani ʿtadā baʿda dhālika fa-lahū ʿadhābun ʾalīmun
O you who have faith! Retribution is prescribed for you regarding the slain: freeman for freeman, slave for slave, and female for female. But if one is granted any extenuation by his brother,1 let the follow up [for the blood-money] be honourable, and let the payment to him be with kindness. That is a remission from your Lord and a mercy; and should anyone transgress after that, there shall be a painful punishment for him.That is, by the heir of the victim.
179
وَلَكُم فِي القِصاصِ حَياةٌ يا أُولِي الأَلبابِ لَعَلَّكُم تَتَّقونَ
wa-lakum fī l-qiṣāṣi ḥayātun yā-ʾulī l-ʾalbābi laʿallakum tattaqūna
There is life for you in retribution, O you who possess intellects! Maybe you will be Godwary!
180
كُتِبَ عَلَيكُم إِذا حَضَرَ أَحَدَكُمُ المَوتُ إِن تَرَكَ خَيرًا الوَصِيَّةُ لِلوالِدَينِ وَالأَقرَبينَ بِالمَعروفِ ۖ حَقًّا عَلَى المُتَّقينَ
kutiba ʿalaykum ʾidhā ḥaḍara ʾaḥadakumu l-mawtu ʾin taraka khayran-i l-waṣiyyatu li-l-wālidayni wa-l-ʾaqrabīna bi-l-maʿrūfi ḥaqqan ʿalā l-muttaqīna
Prescribed for you, when death approaches any of you and he leaves behind any property, is that he make a bequest for his parents and relatives, in an honourable manner, —an obligation on the Godwary.
181
فَمَن بَدَّلَهُ بَعدَما سَمِعَهُ فَإِنَّما إِثمُهُ عَلَى الَّذينَ يُبَدِّلونَهُ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ سَميعٌ عَليمٌ
fa-man baddalahū baʿda mā samiʿahū fa-ʾinnamā ʾithmuhū ʿalā lladhīna yubaddilūnahū ʾinna llāha samīʿun ʿalīmun
And should anyone alter it after hearing it, its sin shall indeed lie on those who alter it. Indeed Allah is all-hearing, all-knowing
182
فَمَن خافَ مِن موصٍ جَنَفًا أَو إِثمًا فَأَصلَحَ بَينَهُم فَلا إِثمَ عَلَيهِ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفورٌ رَحيمٌ
fa-man khāfa min mūṣin janafan ʾaw ʾithman fa-ʾaṣlaḥa baynahum fa-lā ʾithma ʿalayhi ʾinna llāha ghafūrun raḥīmun
But should someone, fearing deviance or sin on the testator’s behalf, set things right between them, there is no sin upon him. Indeed Allah is all-forgiving, all-merciful.
183
يا أَيُّهَا الَّذينَ آمَنوا كُتِبَ عَلَيكُمُ الصِّيامُ كَما كُتِبَ عَلَى الَّذينَ مِن قَبلِكُم لَعَلَّكُم تَتَّقونَ
yā-ʾayyuhā lladhīna ʾāmanū kutiba ʿalaykumu ṣ-ṣiyāmu ka-mā kutiba ʿalā lladhīna min qablikum laʿallakum tattaqūna
O you who have faith! Prescribed for you is fasting as it was prescribed for those who were before you, so that you may be Godwary.
184
أَيّامًا مَعدوداتٍ ۚ فَمَن كانَ مِنكُم مَريضًا أَو عَلىٰ سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِن أَيّامٍ أُخَرَ ۚ وَعَلَى الَّذينَ يُطيقونَهُ فِديَةٌ طَعامُ مِسكينٍ ۖ فَمَن تَطَوَّعَ خَيرًا فَهُوَ خَيرٌ لَهُ ۚ وَأَن تَصوموا خَيرٌ لَكُم ۖ إِن كُنتُم تَعلَمونَ
ʾayyāman maʿdūdātin fa-man kāna minkum marīḍan ʾaw ʿalā safarin fa-ʿiddatun min ʾayyāmin ʾukhara wa-ʿalā lladhīna yuṭīqūnahū fidyatun ṭaʿāmu miskīnin fa-man taṭawwaʿa khayran fa-huwa khayrun lahū wa-ʾan taṣūmū khayrun lakum ʾin kuntum taʿlamūna
That for known days. But should any of you be sick or on a journey, let it be a [similar] number of other days. Those who find it straining shall be liable to atonement by feeding a needy person. Should anyone do good of his own accord, that is better for him, and to fast is better for you, should you know.
185
شَهرُ رَمَضانَ الَّذي أُنزِلَ فيهِ القُرآنُ هُدًى لِلنّاسِ وَبَيِّناتٍ مِنَ الهُدىٰ وَالفُرقانِ ۚ فَمَن شَهِدَ مِنكُمُ الشَّهرَ فَليَصُمهُ ۖ وَمَن كانَ مَريضًا أَو عَلىٰ سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِن أَيّامٍ أُخَرَ ۗ يُريدُ اللَّهُ بِكُمُ اليُسرَ وَلا يُريدُ بِكُمُ العُسرَ وَلِتُكمِلُوا العِدَّةَ وَلِتُكَبِّرُوا اللَّهَ عَلىٰ ما هَداكُم وَلَعَلَّكُم تَشكُرونَ
shahru ramaḍāna lladhī ʾunzila fīhi l-qurʾānu hudan li-n-nāsi wa-bayyinātin mina l-hudā wa-l-furqāni fa-man shahida minkumu sh-shahra fa-l-yaṣumhu wa-man kāna marīḍan ʾaw-ʿalā safarin fa-ʿiddatun min ʾayyāmin ʾukhara yurīdu llāhu bikumu l-yusra wa-lā yurīdu bikumu l-ʿusra wa-li-tukmilū l-ʿiddata wa-li-tukabbirū llāha ʿalā mā hadākum wa-laʿallakum tashkurūna
The month of Ramaḍān is one in which the Qurʾān was sent down as guidance to mankind, with manifest proofs of guidance and the Criterion.1 So let those of you who witness it fast [in] it, and as for someone who is sick or on a journey, let it be a [similar] number of other days. Allah desires ease for you, and He does not desire hardship for you, and so that you may complete the number, and magnify Allah for guiding you, and that you may give thanks.See footnote at 2:53.
186
وَإِذا سَأَلَكَ عِبادي عَنّي فَإِنّي قَريبٌ ۖ أُجيبُ دَعوَةَ الدّاعِ إِذا دَعانِ ۖ فَليَستَجيبوا لي وَليُؤمِنوا بي لَعَلَّهُم يَرشُدونَ
wa-ʾidhā saʾalaka ʿibādī ʿannī fa-ʾinnī qarībun ʾujību daʿwata d-dāʿi ʾidhā daʿāni fa-l-yastajībū lī wa-l-yuʾminū bī laʿallahum yarshudūna
When My servants ask you about Me, [tell them that] I am indeed nearmost. I answer the supplicant’s call when he calls Me. So let them respond to Me, and let them have faith in Me, so that they may fare rightly.
187
أُحِلَّ لَكُم لَيلَةَ الصِّيامِ الرَّفَثُ إِلىٰ نِسائِكُم ۚ هُنَّ لِباسٌ لَكُم وَأَنتُم لِباسٌ لَهُنَّ ۗ عَلِمَ اللَّهُ أَنَّكُم كُنتُم تَختانونَ أَنفُسَكُم فَتابَ عَلَيكُم وَعَفا عَنكُم ۖ فَالآنَ باشِروهُنَّ وَابتَغوا ما كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَكُم ۚ وَكُلوا وَاشرَبوا حَتّىٰ يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الخَيطُ الأَبيَضُ مِنَ الخَيطِ الأَسوَدِ مِنَ الفَجرِ ۖ ثُمَّ أَتِمُّوا الصِّيامَ إِلَى اللَّيلِ ۚ وَلا تُباشِروهُنَّ وَأَنتُم عاكِفونَ فِي المَساجِدِ ۗ تِلكَ حُدودُ اللَّهِ فَلا تَقرَبوها ۗ كَذٰلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ آياتِهِ لِلنّاسِ لَعَلَّهُم يَتَّقونَ
ʾuḥilla lakum laylata ṣ-ṣiyāmi r-rafathu ʾilā nisāʾikum hunna libāsun lakum wa-ʾantum libāsun lahunna ʿalima llāhu ʾannakum kuntum takhtānūna ʾanfusakum fa-tāba ʿalaykum wa-ʿafā ʿankum fa-l-ʾāna bāshirūhunna wa-btaghū mā kataba llāhu lakum wa-kulū wa-shrabū ḥattā yatabayyana lakumu l-khayṭu l-ʾabyaḍu mina l-khayṭi l-ʾaswadi mina l-fajri thumma ʾatimmū ṣ-ṣiyāma ʾilā l-layli wa-lā tubāshirūhunna wa-ʾantum ʿākifūna fī l-masājidi tilka ḥudūdu llāhi fa-lā taqrabūhā ka-dhālika yubayyinu llāhu ʾāyātihī li-n-nāsi laʿallahum yattaqūna
You are permitted, on the night of the fast, to go into your wives: they are a garment for you, and you are a garment for them. Allah knew that you used to betray yourselves, so He pardoned you and excused you. So now consort with them, and seek what Allah has ordained for you, and eat and drink until the white streak becomes manifest to you from the dark streak at the crack of dawn.1 Then complete the fast until nightfall, and do not consort with them while you dwell in confinement in the mosques. These are Allah’s bounds, so do not approach them. Thus does Allah clarify His signs for mankind so that they may be Godwary.That is, until the first appearance of the dawn.
188
وَلا تَأكُلوا أَموالَكُم بَينَكُم بِالباطِلِ وَتُدلوا بِها إِلَى الحُكّامِ لِتَأكُلوا فَريقًا مِن أَموالِ النّاسِ بِالإِثمِ وَأَنتُم تَعلَمونَ
wa-lā taʾkulū ʾamwālakum baynakum bi-l-bāṭili wa-tudlū bihā ʾilā l-ḥukkāmi li-taʾkulū farīqan min ʾamwāli n-nāsi bi-l-ʾithmi wa-ʾantum taʿlamūna
Do not eat up your wealth among yourselves wrongfully, nor proffer it to the judges in order to eat up a part of the people’s wealth sinfully, while you know [that it is immoral to do so].
189
۞ يَسأَلونَكَ عَنِ الأَهِلَّةِ ۖ قُل هِيَ مَواقيتُ لِلنّاسِ وَالحَجِّ ۗ وَلَيسَ البِرُّ بِأَن تَأتُوا البُيوتَ مِن ظُهورِها وَلٰكِنَّ البِرَّ مَنِ اتَّقىٰ ۗ وَأتُوا البُيوتَ مِن أَبوابِها ۚ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ لَعَلَّكُم تُفلِحونَ
yasʾalūnaka ʿani l-ʾahillati qul hiya mawāqītu li-n-nāsi wa-l-ḥajji wa-laysa l-birru bi-ʾan taʾtū l-buyūta min ẓuhūrihā wa-lākinna l-birra mani ttaqā wa-ʾtū l-buyūta min ʾabwābihā wa-ttaqū llāha laʿallakum tufliḥūna
They question you concerning the new moons. Say, ‘They are timekeeping signs for the people and [for the sake of] ḥajj.’ It is not piety that you come into houses from their rear; rather piety is [personified by] one who is Godwary, and come into houses from their doors, and be wary of Allah, so that you may be felicitous.
190
وَقاتِلوا في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ الَّذينَ يُقاتِلونَكُم وَلا تَعتَدوا ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لا يُحِبُّ المُعتَدينَ
wa-qātilū fī sabīli llāhi lladhīna yuqātilūnakum wa-lā taʿtadū ʾinna llāha lā yuḥibbu l-muʿtadīna
Fight in the way of Allah those who fight you, but do not transgress. Indeed Allah does not like transgressors.
191
وَاقتُلوهُم حَيثُ ثَقِفتُموهُم وَأَخرِجوهُم مِن حَيثُ أَخرَجوكُم ۚ وَالفِتنَةُ أَشَدُّ مِنَ القَتلِ ۚ وَلا تُقاتِلوهُم عِندَ المَسجِدِ الحَرامِ حَتّىٰ يُقاتِلوكُم فيهِ ۖ فَإِن قاتَلوكُم فَاقتُلوهُم ۗ كَذٰلِكَ جَزاءُ الكافِرينَ
wa-qtulūhum ḥaythu thaqiftumūhum wa-ʾakhrijūhum min ḥaythu ʾakhrajūkum wa-l-fitnatu ʾashaddu mina l-qatli wa-lā tuqātilūhum ʿinda l-masjidi l-ḥarāmi ḥattā yuqātilūkum fīhi fa-ʾin qātalūkum fa-qtulūhum ka-dhālika jazāʾu l-kāfirīna
And kill them wherever you confront them, and expel them from where they expelled you, for faithlessness1 is graver than killing. But do not fight them near the Holy Mosque unless they fight you therein; but if they fight you, kill them; such is the requital of the faithless.Or ‘polytheism.’
192
فَإِنِ انتَهَوا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفورٌ رَحيمٌ
fa-ʾini ntahaw fa-ʾinna llāha ghafūrun raḥīmun
But if they relinquish,1 then Allah is indeed all-forgiving, all-merciful.That is, if they give up idolatry.
193
وَقاتِلوهُم حَتّىٰ لا تَكونَ فِتنَةٌ وَيَكونَ الدّينُ لِلَّهِ ۖ فَإِنِ انتَهَوا فَلا عُدوانَ إِلّا عَلَى الظّالِمينَ
wa-qātilūhum ḥattā lā takūna fitnatun wa-yakūna d-dīnu li-llāhi fa-ʾini ntahaw fa-lā ʿudwāna ʾillā ʿalā ẓ-ẓālimīna
Fight them until faithlessness1 is no more, and religion becomes [exclusively] for Allah. Then if they relinquish, there shall be no reprisal except against the wrongdoers.Or ‘polytheism,’ as narrated from Imam Muḥammad al-Bāqir (Ṭabrisī), Mujāhid, Qatādah, Rabīʿ, and Ḍaḥḥāk (Ṭabarī).
194
الشَّهرُ الحَرامُ بِالشَّهرِ الحَرامِ وَالحُرُماتُ قِصاصٌ ۚ فَمَنِ اعتَدىٰ عَلَيكُم فَاعتَدوا عَلَيهِ بِمِثلِ مَا اعتَدىٰ عَلَيكُم ۚ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَاعلَموا أَنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَ المُتَّقينَ
ash-shahru l-ḥarāmu bi-sh-shahri l-ḥarāmi wa-l-ḥurumātu qiṣāṣun fa-mani ʿtadā ʿalaykum fa-ʿtadū ʿalayhi bi-mithli mā ʿtadā ʿalaykum wa-ttaqū llāha wa-ʿlamū ʾanna llāha maʿa l-muttaqīna
A sacred month for a sacred month, and all sanctities require retribution. So should anyone aggress against you, assail him in the manner he assailed you,1 and be wary of Allah, and know that Allah is with the Godwary.Cf. 16:126.
195
وَأَنفِقوا في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ وَلا تُلقوا بِأَيديكُم إِلَى التَّهلُكَةِ ۛ وَأَحسِنوا ۛ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ المُحسِنينَ
wa-ʾanfiqū fī sabīli llāhi wa-lā tulqū bi-ʾaydīkum ʾilā t-tahlukati wa-ʾaḥsinū ʾinna llāha yuḥibbu l-muḥsinīna
Spend in the way of Allah, and do not cast yourselves with your own hands into destruction; and be virtuous. Indeed Allah loves the virtuous.
196
وَأَتِمُّوا الحَجَّ وَالعُمرَةَ لِلَّهِ ۚ فَإِن أُحصِرتُم فَمَا استَيسَرَ مِنَ الهَديِ ۖ وَلا تَحلِقوا رُءوسَكُم حَتّىٰ يَبلُغَ الهَديُ مَحِلَّهُ ۚ فَمَن كانَ مِنكُم مَريضًا أَو بِهِ أَذًى مِن رَأسِهِ فَفِديَةٌ مِن صِيامٍ أَو صَدَقَةٍ أَو نُسُكٍ ۚ فَإِذا أَمِنتُم فَمَن تَمَتَّعَ بِالعُمرَةِ إِلَى الحَجِّ فَمَا استَيسَرَ مِنَ الهَديِ ۚ فَمَن لَم يَجِد فَصِيامُ ثَلاثَةِ أَيّامٍ فِي الحَجِّ وَسَبعَةٍ إِذا رَجَعتُم ۗ تِلكَ عَشَرَةٌ كامِلَةٌ ۗ ذٰلِكَ لِمَن لَم يَكُن أَهلُهُ حاضِرِي المَسجِدِ الحَرامِ ۚ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَاعلَموا أَنَّ اللَّهَ شَديدُ العِقابِ
wa-ʾatimmū l-ḥajja wa-l-ʿumrata li-llāhi fa-ʾin ʾuḥṣirtum fa-mā staysara mina l-hadyi wa-lā taḥliqū ruʾūsakum ḥattā yablugha l-hadyu maḥillahū fa-man kāna minkum marīḍan ʾaw bihī ʾadhan min raʾsihī fa-fidyatun min ṣiyāmin ʾaw ṣadaqatin ʾaw nusukin fa-ʾidhā ʾamintum fa-man tamattaʿa bi-l-ʿumrati ʾilā l-ḥajji fa-mā staysara mina l-hadyi fa-man lam yajid fa-ṣiyāmu thalāthati ʾayyāmin fī l-ḥajji wa-sabʿatin ʾidhā rajaʿtum tilka ʿasharatun kāmilatun dhālika li-man lam yakun ʾahluhū ḥāḍirī l-masjidi l-ḥarāmi wa-ttaqū llāha wa-ʿlamū ʾanna llāha shadīdu l-ʿiqābi
Complete the ḥajj and the ʿumrah for Allah’s sake, and if you are prevented, then [make] such [sacrificial] offering as is feasible. And do not shave your heads until the offering reaches its [assigned] place. But should any of you be sick, or have a hurt in his head,1 let the atonement be by fasting, or charity, or sacrifice. And when you have security —for those who enjoy [release from the restrictions] by virtue of the ʿumrah until the ḥajj— let the offering be such as is feasible. As for someone who cannot afford [the offering], let him fast three days during the ḥajj and seven when you return; that is [a period of] ten complete [days]. That is for someone whose family does not dwell by the Holy Mosque. And be wary of Allah, and know that Allah is severe in retribution.Such as a wound on the scalp.
197
الحَجُّ أَشهُرٌ مَعلوماتٌ ۚ فَمَن فَرَضَ فيهِنَّ الحَجَّ فَلا رَفَثَ وَلا فُسوقَ وَلا جِدالَ فِي الحَجِّ ۗ وَما تَفعَلوا مِن خَيرٍ يَعلَمهُ اللَّهُ ۗ وَتَزَوَّدوا فَإِنَّ خَيرَ الزّادِ التَّقوىٰ ۚ وَاتَّقونِ يا أُولِي الأَلبابِ
al-ḥajju ʾashhurun maʿlūmātun fa-man faraḍa fīhinna l-ḥajja fa-lā rafatha wa-lā fusūqa wa-lā jidāla fī l-ḥajji wa-mā tafʿalū min khayrin yaʿlamhu llāhu wa-tazawwadū fa-ʾinna khayra z-zādi t-taqwā wa-ttaqūni yā-ʾulī l-ʾalbābi
The ḥajj [season] is in months well-known; so whoever decides on ḥajj [pilgrimage] therein, [should know that] there is to be no sexual contact, vicious talk, or disputing during the ḥajj. And whatever good you do, Allah knows it. And take provision, for indeed the best provision is Godwariness. So be wary of Me, O you who possess intellects!
198
لَيسَ عَلَيكُم جُناحٌ أَن تَبتَغوا فَضلًا مِن رَبِّكُم ۚ فَإِذا أَفَضتُم مِن عَرَفاتٍ فَاذكُرُوا اللَّهَ عِندَ المَشعَرِ الحَرامِ ۖ وَاذكُروهُ كَما هَداكُم وَإِن كُنتُم مِن قَبلِهِ لَمِنَ الضّالّينَ
laysa ʿalaykum junāḥun ʾan tabtaghū faḍlan min rabbikum fa-ʾidhā ʾafaḍtum min ʿarafātin fa-dhkurū llāha ʿinda l-mashʿari l-ḥarāmi wa-dhkurūhu ka-mā hadākum wa-ʾin kuntum min qablihī la-mina ḍ-ḍāllīna
There is no sin upon you in seeking your Lord’s grace [during the ḥajj season]. Then when you stream out of ‘Arafāt remember Allah at the Holy Mash‘ar, and remember Him as He has guided you, and earlier you were indeed among the astray.
199
ثُمَّ أَفيضوا مِن حَيثُ أَفاضَ النّاسُ وَاستَغفِرُوا اللَّهَ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفورٌ رَحيمٌ
thumma ʾafīḍū min ḥaythu ʾafāḍa n-nāsu wa-staghfirū llāha ʾinna llāha ghafūrun raḥīmun
Then stream out from where the people stream out, and plead to Allah for forgiveness; indeed Allah is all-forgiving, all-merciful.
200
فَإِذا قَضَيتُم مَناسِكَكُم فَاذكُرُوا اللَّهَ كَذِكرِكُم آباءَكُم أَو أَشَدَّ ذِكرًا ۗ فَمِنَ النّاسِ مَن يَقولُ رَبَّنا آتِنا فِي الدُّنيا وَما لَهُ فِي الآخِرَةِ مِن خَلاقٍ
fa-ʾidhā qaḍaytum manāsikakum fa-dhkurū llāha ka-dhikrikum ʾābāʾakum ʾaw ʾashadda dhikran fa-mina n-nāsi man yaqūlu rabbanā ʾātinā fī d-dunyā wa-mā lahū fī l-ʾākhirati min khalāqin
And when you finish your rites, then remember Allah as you would remember your fathers, or with a more ardent remembrance. Among the people there are those who say, ‘Our Lord, give us in this world,’ but for such there is no share in the Hereafter.
201
وَمِنهُم مَن يَقولُ رَبَّنا آتِنا فِي الدُّنيا حَسَنَةً وَفِي الآخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً وَقِنا عَذابَ النّارِ
wa-minhum man yaqūlu rabbanā ʾātinā fī d-dunyā ḥasanatan wa-fī l-ʾākhirati ḥasanatan wa-qinā ʿadhāba n-nāri
And among them there are those who say, ‘Our Lord, give us good in this world and good in the Hereafter, and save us from the punishment of the Fire.’
202
أُولٰئِكَ لَهُم نَصيبٌ مِمّا كَسَبوا ۚ وَاللَّهُ سَريعُ الحِسابِ
ʾulāʾika lahum naṣībun mimmā kasabū wa-llāhu sarīʿu l-ḥisābi
Such shall partake of what they have earned, and Allah is swift at reckoning.
203
۞ وَاذكُرُوا اللَّهَ في أَيّامٍ مَعدوداتٍ ۚ فَمَن تَعَجَّلَ في يَومَينِ فَلا إِثمَ عَلَيهِ وَمَن تَأَخَّرَ فَلا إِثمَ عَلَيهِ ۚ لِمَنِ اتَّقىٰ ۗ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَاعلَموا أَنَّكُم إِلَيهِ تُحشَرونَ
wa-dhkurū llāha fī ʾayyāmin maʿdūdātin fa-man taʿajjala fī yawmayni fa-lā ʾithma ʿalayhi wa-man taʾakhkhara fa-lā ʾithma ʿalayhi li-mani ttaqā wa-ttaqū llāha wa-ʿlamū ʾannakum ʾilayhi tuḥsharūna
Remember Allah in the appointed days. Then whoever hastens off in a couple of days, there is no sin upon him, and whoever delays, there is no sin upon him —that for one who has been Godwary— and be wary of Allah, and know that toward Him you will be mustered.
204
وَمِنَ النّاسِ مَن يُعجِبُكَ قَولُهُ فِي الحَياةِ الدُّنيا وَيُشهِدُ اللَّهَ عَلىٰ ما في قَلبِهِ وَهُوَ أَلَدُّ الخِصامِ
wa-mina n-nāsi man yuʿjibuka qawluhū fī l-ḥayāti d-dunyā wa-yushhidu llāha ʿalā mā fī qalbihī wa-huwa ʾaladdu l-khiṣāmi
Among the people is he whose talk about worldly life impresses you, and he holds Allah witness to what is in his heart, though he is the staunchest of enemies.
205
وَإِذا تَوَلّىٰ سَعىٰ فِي الأَرضِ لِيُفسِدَ فيها وَيُهلِكَ الحَرثَ وَالنَّسلَ ۗ وَاللَّهُ لا يُحِبُّ الفَسادَ
wa-ʾidhā tawallā saʿā fī l-ʾarḍi li-yufsida fīhā wa-yuhlika l-ḥartha wa-n-nasla wa-llāhu lā yuḥibbu l-fasāda
And if he were to wield authority, he would try to cause corruption in the land, and to ruin the crop and the stock, and Allah does not like corruption.
206
وَإِذا قيلَ لَهُ اتَّقِ اللَّهَ أَخَذَتهُ العِزَّةُ بِالإِثمِ ۚ فَحَسبُهُ جَهَنَّمُ ۚ وَلَبِئسَ المِهادُ
wa-ʾidhā qīla lahu ttaqi llāha ʾakhadhathu l-ʿizzatu bi-l-ʾithmi fa-ḥasbuhū jahannamu wa-la-biʾsa l-mihādu
And when he is told, ‘Be wary of Allah,’ conceit seizes him sinfully; so let hell suffice him, and it is surely an evil resting place!
207
وَمِنَ النّاسِ مَن يَشري نَفسَهُ ابتِغاءَ مَرضاتِ اللَّهِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ رَءوفٌ بِالعِبادِ
wa-mina n-nāsi man yashrī nafsahu btighāʾa marḍāti llāhi wa-llāhu raʾūfun bi-l-ʿibādi
And among the people is he who sells his soul1 seeking the pleasure of Allah, and Allah is most kind to [His] servants.Or ‘his life.’
208
يا أَيُّهَا الَّذينَ آمَنُوا ادخُلوا فِي السِّلمِ كافَّةً وَلا تَتَّبِعوا خُطُواتِ الشَّيطانِ ۚ إِنَّهُ لَكُم عَدُوٌّ مُبينٌ
yā-ʾayyuhā lladhīna ʾāmanū dkhulū fī s-silmi kāffatan wa-lā tattabiʿū khuṭuwāti sh-shayṭāni ʾinnahū lakum ʿaduwwun mubīnun
O you who have faith! Enter into submission, all together, and do not follow in Satan’s steps; he is indeed your manifest enemy.
209
فَإِن زَلَلتُم مِن بَعدِ ما جاءَتكُمُ البَيِّناتُ فَاعلَموا أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزيزٌ حَكيمٌ
fa-ʾin zalaltum min baʿdi mā jāʾatkumu l-bayyinātu fa-ʿlamū ʾanna llāha ʿazīzun ḥakīmun
And should you stumble after the manifest proofs that have come to you, know that Allah is all-mighty, all-wise.
210
هَل يَنظُرونَ إِلّا أَن يَأتِيَهُمُ اللَّهُ في ظُلَلٍ مِنَ الغَمامِ وَالمَلائِكَةُ وَقُضِيَ الأَمرُ ۚ وَإِلَى اللَّهِ تُرجَعُ الأُمورُ
hal yanẓurūna ʾillā ʾan yaʾtiyahumu llāhu fī ẓulalin mina l-ghamāmi wa-l-malāʾikatu wa-quḍiya l-ʾamru wa-ʾilā llāhi turjaʿu l-ʾumūru
Do they await anything but that Allah[’s command] should come to them in the shades of the clouds, with the angels, and the matter be decided [once for all]? And to Allah all matters are returned.
211
سَل بَني إِسرائيلَ كَم آتَيناهُم مِن آيَةٍ بَيِّنَةٍ ۗ وَمَن يُبَدِّل نِعمَةَ اللَّهِ مِن بَعدِ ما جاءَتهُ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ شَديدُ العِقابِ
sal banī ʾisrāʾīla kam ʾātaynāhum min ʾāyatin bayyinatin wa-man yubaddil niʿmata llāhi min baʿdi mā jāʾathu fa-ʾinna llāha shadīdu l-ʿiqābi
Ask the Children of Israel how many a manifest sign We had given them. And whoever changes Allah’s blessing after it has come to him, indeed Allah is severe in retribution.
212
زُيِّنَ لِلَّذينَ كَفَرُوا الحَياةُ الدُّنيا وَيَسخَرونَ مِنَ الَّذينَ آمَنوا ۘ وَالَّذينَ اتَّقَوا فَوقَهُم يَومَ القِيامَةِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ يَرزُقُ مَن يَشاءُ بِغَيرِ حِسابٍ
zuyyina li-lladhīna kafarū l-ḥayātu d-dunyā wa-yaskharūna mina lladhīna ʾāmanū wa-lladhīna ttaqaw fawqahum yawma l-qiyāmati wa-llāhu yarzuqu man yashāʾu bi-ghayri ḥisābin
Worldly life has been glamorized for the faithless, and they ridicule the faithful. But those who are Godwary shall be above them on the Day of Resurrection, and Allah provides for whomever He wishes without any reckoning.
213
كانَ النّاسُ أُمَّةً واحِدَةً فَبَعَثَ اللَّهُ النَّبِيّينَ مُبَشِّرينَ وَمُنذِرينَ وَأَنزَلَ مَعَهُمُ الكِتابَ بِالحَقِّ لِيَحكُمَ بَينَ النّاسِ فيمَا اختَلَفوا فيهِ ۚ وَمَا اختَلَفَ فيهِ إِلَّا الَّذينَ أوتوهُ مِن بَعدِ ما جاءَتهُمُ البَيِّناتُ بَغيًا بَينَهُم ۖ فَهَدَى اللَّهُ الَّذينَ آمَنوا لِمَا اختَلَفوا فيهِ مِنَ الحَقِّ بِإِذنِهِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ يَهدي مَن يَشاءُ إِلىٰ صِراطٍ مُستَقيمٍ
kāna n-nāsu ʾummatan wāḥidatan fa-baʿatha llāhu n-nabiyyīna mubashshirīna wa-mundhirīna wa-ʾanzala maʿahumu l-kitāba bi-l-ḥaqqi li-yaḥkuma bayna n-nāsi fī-mā khtalafū fīhi wa-mā khtalafa fīhi ʾillā lladhīna ʾūtūhu min baʿdi mā jāʾathumu l-bayyinātu baghyan baynahum fa-hadā llāhu lladhīna ʾāmanū li-mā khtalafū fīhi mina l-ḥaqqi bi-ʾidhnihī wa-llāhu yahdī man yashāʾu ʾilā ṣirāṭin mustaqīmin
Mankind were a single community; then Allah sent the prophets as bearers of good news and as warners, and He sent down with them the Book with the truth, that it1 may judge between the people concerning that about which they differed, and none differed in it except those who had been given it, after the manifest proofs had come to them, out of envy among themselves. Then Allah guided those who had faith to the truth of what they differed in, by His will, and Allah guides whomever He wishes to a straight path.That is the Book.
214
أَم حَسِبتُم أَن تَدخُلُوا الجَنَّةَ وَلَمّا يَأتِكُم مَثَلُ الَّذينَ خَلَوا مِن قَبلِكُم ۖ مَسَّتهُمُ البَأساءُ وَالضَّرّاءُ وَزُلزِلوا حَتّىٰ يَقولَ الرَّسولُ وَالَّذينَ آمَنوا مَعَهُ مَتىٰ نَصرُ اللَّهِ ۗ أَلا إِنَّ نَصرَ اللَّهِ قَريبٌ
ʾam ḥasibtum ʾan tadkhulū l-jannata wa-lammā yaʾtikum mathalu lladhīna khalaw min qablikum massathumu l-baʾsāʾu wa-ḍ-ḍarrāʾu wa-zulzilū ḥattā yaqūla r-rasūlu wa-lladhīna ʾāmanū maʿahū matā naṣru llāhi ʾa-lā ʾinna naṣra llāhi qarībun
Do you suppose that you shall enter paradise though there has not yet come to you the like of [what befell]those who went before you? Stress and distress befell them and they were convulsed until the apostle and the faithful who were with him said, ‘When will Allah’s help [come]?’ Look! Allah’s help is indeed near!
215
يَسأَلونَكَ ماذا يُنفِقونَ ۖ قُل ما أَنفَقتُم مِن خَيرٍ فَلِلوالِدَينِ وَالأَقرَبينَ وَاليَتامىٰ وَالمَساكينِ وَابنِ السَّبيلِ ۗ وَما تَفعَلوا مِن خَيرٍ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ بِهِ عَليمٌ
yasʾalūnaka mādhā yunfiqūna qul mā ʾanfaqtum min khayrin fa-li-l-wālidayni wa-l-ʾaqrabīna wa-l-yatāmā wa-l-masākīni wa-bni s-sabīli wa-mā tafʿalū min khayrin fa-ʾinna llāha bihī ʿalīmun
They ask you as to what they should spend. Say, ‘Whatever wealth you spend, let it be for parents, relatives, orphans, the needy, and the traveller.’ And whatever good that you may do, Allah indeed knows it.
216
كُتِبَ عَلَيكُمُ القِتالُ وَهُوَ كُرهٌ لَكُم ۖ وَعَسىٰ أَن تَكرَهوا شَيئًا وَهُوَ خَيرٌ لَكُم ۖ وَعَسىٰ أَن تُحِبّوا شَيئًا وَهُوَ شَرٌّ لَكُم ۗ وَاللَّهُ يَعلَمُ وَأَنتُم لا تَعلَمونَ
kutiba ʿalaykumu l-qitālu wa-huwa kurhun lakum wa-ʿasā ʾan takrahū shayʾan wa-huwa khayrun lakum wa-ʿasā ʾan tuḥibbū shayʾan wa-huwa sharrun lakum wa-llāhu yaʿlamu wa-ʾantum lā taʿlamūna
Warfare has been prescribed for you, though it is repulsive to you. Yet it may be that you dislike something while it is good for you, and it may be that you love something while it is bad for you, and Allah knows and you do not know.
217
يَسأَلونَكَ عَنِ الشَّهرِ الحَرامِ قِتالٍ فيهِ ۖ قُل قِتالٌ فيهِ كَبيرٌ ۖ وَصَدٌّ عَن سَبيلِ اللَّهِ وَكُفرٌ بِهِ وَالمَسجِدِ الحَرامِ وَإِخراجُ أَهلِهِ مِنهُ أَكبَرُ عِندَ اللَّهِ ۚ وَالفِتنَةُ أَكبَرُ مِنَ القَتلِ ۗ وَلا يَزالونَ يُقاتِلونَكُم حَتّىٰ يَرُدّوكُم عَن دينِكُم إِنِ استَطاعوا ۚ وَمَن يَرتَدِد مِنكُم عَن دينِهِ فَيَمُت وَهُوَ كافِرٌ فَأُولٰئِكَ حَبِطَت أَعمالُهُم فِي الدُّنيا وَالآخِرَةِ ۖ وَأُولٰئِكَ أَصحابُ النّارِ ۖ هُم فيها خالِدونَ
yasʾalūnaka ʿani sh-shahri l-ḥarāmi qitālin fīhi qul qitālun fīhi kabīrun wa-ṣaddun ʿan sabīli llāhi wa-kufrun bihī wa-l-masjidi l-ḥarāmi wa-ʾikhrāju ʾahlihī minhu ʾakbaru ʿinda llāhi wa-l-fitnatu ʾakbaru mina l-qatli wa-lā yazālūna yuqātilūnakum ḥattā yaruddūkum ʿan dīnikum ʾini staṭāʿū wa-man yartadid minkum ʿan dīnihī fa-yamut wa-huwa kāfirun fa-ʾulāʾika ḥabiṭat ʾaʿmāluhum fī d-dunyā wa-l-ʾākhirati wa-ʾulāʾika ʾaṣḥābu n-nāri hum fīhā khālidūna
They ask you concerning warfare in the holy month. Say, ‘It is an outrageous thing to fight in it, but to keep [people] from Allah’s way, and to be unfaithful to Him, and [to keep people from] the Holy Mosque, and to expel its people from it are more outrageous with Allah. And faithlessness is graver than killing. And they will not cease fighting you until they turn you away from your religion, if they can. And whoever of you turns away from his religion and dies faithless —they are the ones whose works have failed in this world and the Hereafter. They shall be the inmates of the Fire, and they shall remain in it [forever].
218
إِنَّ الَّذينَ آمَنوا وَالَّذينَ هاجَروا وَجاهَدوا في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ أُولٰئِكَ يَرجونَ رَحمَتَ اللَّهِ ۚ وَاللَّهُ غَفورٌ رَحيمٌ
ʾinna lladhīna ʾāmanū wa-lladhīna hājarū wa-jāhadū fī sabīli llāhi ʾulāʾika yarjūna raḥmata llāhi wa-llāhu ghafūrun raḥīmun
Indeed those who have become faithful and those who have migrated and waged jihād in the way of Allah —it is they who expect Allah’s mercy, and Allah is all-forgiving, all-merciful.
219
۞ يَسأَلونَكَ عَنِ الخَمرِ وَالمَيسِرِ ۖ قُل فيهِما إِثمٌ كَبيرٌ وَمَنافِعُ لِلنّاسِ وَإِثمُهُما أَكبَرُ مِن نَفعِهِما ۗ وَيَسأَلونَكَ ماذا يُنفِقونَ قُلِ العَفوَ ۗ كَذٰلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ لَكُمُ الآياتِ لَعَلَّكُم تَتَفَكَّرونَ
yasʾalūnaka ʿani l-khamri wa-l-maysiri qul fīhimā ʾithmun kabīrun wa-manāfiʿu li-n-nāsi wa-ʾithmuhumā ʾakbaru min nafʿihimā wa-yasʾalūnaka mādhā yunfiqūna quli l-ʿafwa ka-dhālika yubayyinu llāhu lakumu l-ʾāyāti laʿallakum tatafakkarūna
They ask you concerning wine and gambling. Say, ‘There is a great sin in both of them, and some profits for the people, but their sinfulness outweighs their profit.’ And they ask you as to what they should spend. Say, ‘All that is surplus.’ Thus does Allah clarify His signs for you so that you may reflect
220
فِي الدُّنيا وَالآخِرَةِ ۗ وَيَسأَلونَكَ عَنِ اليَتامىٰ ۖ قُل إِصلاحٌ لَهُم خَيرٌ ۖ وَإِن تُخالِطوهُم فَإِخوانُكُم ۚ وَاللَّهُ يَعلَمُ المُفسِدَ مِنَ المُصلِحِ ۚ وَلَو شاءَ اللَّهُ لَأَعنَتَكُم ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزيزٌ حَكيمٌ
fī d-dunyā wa-l-ʾākhirati wa-yasʾalūnaka ʿani l-yatāmā qul ʾiṣlāḥun lahum khayrun wa-ʾin tukhāliṭūhum fa-ʾikhwānukum wa-llāhu yaʿlamu l-mufsida mina l-muṣliḥi wa-law shāʾa llāhu la-ʾaʿnatakum ʾinna llāha ʿazīzun ḥakīmun
about the world and the Hereafter. And they ask you concerning the orphans. Say, ‘It is better to set right their affairs,1 and if you intermingle with them, they are of course your brothers: Allah knows the one who causes corruption from the one who brings about reform, and had Allah wished He would have put you to hardship.’ Indeed Allah is all-mighty, all-wise.That is, it is better to manage their affairs than to stand aloof due to the fear of mishandling them. Cf. 4:2.
221
وَلا تَنكِحُوا المُشرِكاتِ حَتّىٰ يُؤمِنَّ ۚ وَلَأَمَةٌ مُؤمِنَةٌ خَيرٌ مِن مُشرِكَةٍ وَلَو أَعجَبَتكُم ۗ وَلا تُنكِحُوا المُشرِكينَ حَتّىٰ يُؤمِنوا ۚ وَلَعَبدٌ مُؤمِنٌ خَيرٌ مِن مُشرِكٍ وَلَو أَعجَبَكُم ۗ أُولٰئِكَ يَدعونَ إِلَى النّارِ ۖ وَاللَّهُ يَدعو إِلَى الجَنَّةِ وَالمَغفِرَةِ بِإِذنِهِ ۖ وَيُبَيِّنُ آياتِهِ لِلنّاسِ لَعَلَّهُم يَتَذَكَّرونَ
wa-lā tankiḥū l-mushrikāti ḥattā yuʾminna wa-la-ʾamatun muʾminatun khayrun min mushrikatin wa-law ʾaʿjabatkum wa-lā tunkiḥū l-mushrikīna ḥattā yuʾminū wa-la-ʿabdun muʾminun khayrun min mushrikin wa-law ʾaʿjabakum ʾulāʾika yadʿūna ʾilā n-nāri wa-llāhu yadʿū ʾilā l-jannati wa-l-maghfirati bi-ʾidhnihī wa-yubayyinu ʾāyātihī li-n-nāsi laʿallahum yatadhakkarūna
Do not marry idolatresses until they embrace faith. A faithful slave girl is better than an idolatress, though she should impress you. And do not marry [your daughters] to idolaters until they embrace faith. A faithful slave is better than an idolater, though he should impress you. Those invite [others] to the Fire, but Allah invites to paradise and pardon, by His will, and He clarifies His signs for the people so that they may take admonition.
222
وَيَسأَلونَكَ عَنِ المَحيضِ ۖ قُل هُوَ أَذًى فَاعتَزِلُوا النِّساءَ فِي المَحيضِ ۖ وَلا تَقرَبوهُنَّ حَتّىٰ يَطهُرنَ ۖ فَإِذا تَطَهَّرنَ فَأتوهُنَّ مِن حَيثُ أَمَرَكُمُ اللَّهُ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ التَّوّابينَ وَيُحِبُّ المُتَطَهِّرينَ
wa-yasʾalūnaka ʿani l-maḥīḍi qul huwa ʾadhan fa-ʿtazilū n-nisāʾa fī l-maḥīḍi wa-lā taqrabūhunna ḥattā yaṭhurna fa-ʾidhā taṭahharna fa-ʾtūhunna min ḥaythu ʾamarakumu llāhu ʾinna llāha yuḥibbu t-tawwābīna wa-yuḥibbu l-mutaṭahhirīna
They ask you concerning [intercourse during] menses. Say, ‘It is hurtful.’1 So keep away from wives during the menses,2 and do not approach them till they are clean. And when they become clean, go into them as Allah has commanded you. Indeed Allah loves the penitent and He loves those who keep clean.Or ‘offensive.’That is, ‘refrain from sexual intercourse.’
223
نِساؤُكُم حَرثٌ لَكُم فَأتوا حَرثَكُم أَنّىٰ شِئتُم ۖ وَقَدِّموا لِأَنفُسِكُم ۚ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَاعلَموا أَنَّكُم مُلاقوهُ ۗ وَبَشِّرِ المُؤمِنينَ
nisāʾukum ḥarthun lakum fa-ʾtū ḥarthakum ʾannā shiʾtum wa-qaddimū li-ʾanfusikum wa-ttaqū llāha wa-ʿlamū ʾannakum mulāqūhu wa-bashshiri l-muʾminīna
Your women are a tillage for you, so come to your tillage whenever you like, and send ahead for your souls, and be Godwary, and know that you will encounter Him; and give good news to the faithful.
224
وَلا تَجعَلُوا اللَّهَ عُرضَةً لِأَيمانِكُم أَن تَبَرّوا وَتَتَّقوا وَتُصلِحوا بَينَ النّاسِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ سَميعٌ عَليمٌ
wa-lā tajʿalū llāha ʿurḍatan li-ʾaymānikum ʾan tabarrū wa-tattaqū wa-tuṣliḥū bayna n-nāsi wa-llāhu samīʿun ʿalīmun
Do not make Allah an obstacle, through your oaths, to being pious and Godwary, and to bringing about concord between people. And Allah is all-hearing, all-knowing.
225
لا يُؤاخِذُكُمُ اللَّهُ بِاللَّغوِ في أَيمانِكُم وَلٰكِن يُؤاخِذُكُم بِما كَسَبَت قُلوبُكُم ۗ وَاللَّهُ غَفورٌ حَليمٌ
lā yuʾākhidhukumu llāhu bi-l-laghwi fī ʾaymānikum wa-lākin yuʾākhidhukum bi-mā kasabat qulūbukum wa-llāhu ghafūrun ḥalīmun
Allah shall not take you to task for what is unconsidered in your oaths, but He shall take you to task for what your hearts have incurred, and Allah is all-forgiving, all-forbearing.
226
لِلَّذينَ يُؤلونَ مِن نِسائِهِم تَرَبُّصُ أَربَعَةِ أَشهُرٍ ۖ فَإِن فاءوا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفورٌ رَحيمٌ
li-lladhīna yuʾlūna min nisāʾihim tarabbuṣu ʾarbaʿati ʾashhurin fa-ʾin fāʾū fa-ʾinna llāha ghafūrun raḥīmun
For those who forswear their wives1 shall be a waiting for four months. And if they recant, Allah is indeed all-forgiving, all-merciful.That is, by pronouncing īlā, a pre-Islamic practice which allowed the husband to take an oath to refrain from sexual relations with his wife, which left the wife in a state of uncertainty for an indefinite period. According to this verse, the husband must decide within four months either to restore the marriage or to divorce her.
227
وَإِن عَزَمُوا الطَّلاقَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ سَميعٌ عَليمٌ
wa-ʾin ʿazamū ṭ-ṭalāqa fa-ʾinna llāha samīʿun ʿalīmun
But if they resolve on divorce, Allah is indeed all-hearing, all-knowing.
228
وَالمُطَلَّقاتُ يَتَرَبَّصنَ بِأَنفُسِهِنَّ ثَلاثَةَ قُروءٍ ۚ وَلا يَحِلُّ لَهُنَّ أَن يَكتُمنَ ما خَلَقَ اللَّهُ في أَرحامِهِنَّ إِن كُنَّ يُؤمِنَّ بِاللَّهِ وَاليَومِ الآخِرِ ۚ وَبُعولَتُهُنَّ أَحَقُّ بِرَدِّهِنَّ في ذٰلِكَ إِن أَرادوا إِصلاحًا ۚ وَلَهُنَّ مِثلُ الَّذي عَلَيهِنَّ بِالمَعروفِ ۚ وَلِلرِّجالِ عَلَيهِنَّ دَرَجَةٌ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَزيزٌ حَكيمٌ
wa-l-muṭallaqātu yatarabbaṣna bi-ʾanfusihinna thalāthata qurūʾin wa-lā yaḥillu lahunna ʾan yaktumna mā khalaqa llāhu fī ʾarḥāmihinna ʾin kunna yuʾminna bi-llāhi wa-l-yawmi l-ʾākhiri wa-buʿūlatuhunna ʾaḥaqqu bi-raddihinna fī dhālika ʾin ʾarādū ʾiṣlāḥan wa-lahunna mithlu lladhī ʿalayhinna bi-l-maʿrūfi wa-li-r-rijāli ʿalayhinna darajatun wa-llāhu ʿazīzun ḥakīmun-i
Divorced women shall wait by themselves for three periods of purity [after menses], and it is not lawful for them to conceal what Allah has created in their wombs if they believe in Allah and the Last Day; and their husbands have a greater right to restore them during this [duration], if they desire reconcilement. The wives have rights similar to the obligations upon them, in accordance with honourable norms; and men have a degree above them, and Allah is all-mighty and all-wise.
229
الطَّلاقُ مَرَّتانِ ۖ فَإِمساكٌ بِمَعروفٍ أَو تَسريحٌ بِإِحسانٍ ۗ وَلا يَحِلُّ لَكُم أَن تَأخُذوا مِمّا آتَيتُموهُنَّ شَيئًا إِلّا أَن يَخافا أَلّا يُقيما حُدودَ اللَّهِ ۖ فَإِن خِفتُم أَلّا يُقيما حُدودَ اللَّهِ فَلا جُناحَ عَلَيهِما فيمَا افتَدَت بِهِ ۗ تِلكَ حُدودُ اللَّهِ فَلا تَعتَدوها ۚ وَمَن يَتَعَدَّ حُدودَ اللَّهِ فَأُولٰئِكَ هُمُ الظّالِمونَ
aṭ-ṭalāqu marratāni fa-ʾimsākun bi-maʿrūfin ʾaw tasrīḥun bi-ʾiḥsānin wa-lā yaḥillu lakum ʾan taʾkhudhū mimmā ʾātaytumūhunna shayʾan ʾillā ʾan yakhāfā ʾallā yuqīmā ḥudūda llāhi fa-ʾin khiftum ʾallā yuqīmā ḥudūda llāhi fa-lā junāḥa ʿalayhimā fī-mā ftadat bihī tilka ḥudūdu llāhi fa-lā taʿtadūhā wa-man yataʿadda ḥudūda llāhi fa-ʾulāʾika humu ẓ-ẓālimūna
[Revocable] divorce may be only twice; then [let there be] either an honourable retention, or a kindly release. And it is not lawful for you to take back anything from what you have given them,1 unless the couple fear that they may not maintain Allah’s bounds. So if you fear they would not maintain Allah’s bounds, there is no sin upon them2 in what she may give to secure her release. These are Allah’s bounds, so do not transgress them, and whoever transgresses the bounds of Allah —it is they who are the wrongdoers.That is, to the wives.That is, the husband and wife.
230
فَإِن طَلَّقَها فَلا تَحِلُّ لَهُ مِن بَعدُ حَتّىٰ تَنكِحَ زَوجًا غَيرَهُ ۗ فَإِن طَلَّقَها فَلا جُناحَ عَلَيهِما أَن يَتَراجَعا إِن ظَنّا أَن يُقيما حُدودَ اللَّهِ ۗ وَتِلكَ حُدودُ اللَّهِ يُبَيِّنُها لِقَومٍ يَعلَمونَ
fa-ʾin ṭallaqahā fa-lā taḥillu lahū min baʿdu ḥattā tankiḥa zawjan ghayrahū fa-ʾin ṭallaqahā fa-lā junāḥa ʿalayhimā ʾan yatarājaʿā ʾin ẓannā ʾan yuqīmā ḥudūda llāhi wa-tilka ḥudūdu llāhi yubayyinuhā li-qawmin yaʿlamūna
And if he divorces her, she will not be lawful for him until she marries a husband other than him, and if he divorces her,1 there is no sin upon them to remarry if they think that they can maintain Allah’s bounds. These are Allah’s bounds, which He clarifies for a people who have knowledge.That is, after she has been divorced by the second husband, the two of them may remarry if they think they can maintain a healthy marital relationship.
231
وَإِذا طَلَّقتُمُ النِّساءَ فَبَلَغنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَأَمسِكوهُنَّ بِمَعروفٍ أَو سَرِّحوهُنَّ بِمَعروفٍ ۚ وَلا تُمسِكوهُنَّ ضِرارًا لِتَعتَدوا ۚ وَمَن يَفعَل ذٰلِكَ فَقَد ظَلَمَ نَفسَهُ ۚ وَلا تَتَّخِذوا آياتِ اللَّهِ هُزُوًا ۚ وَاذكُروا نِعمَتَ اللَّهِ عَلَيكُم وَما أَنزَلَ عَلَيكُم مِنَ الكِتابِ وَالحِكمَةِ يَعِظُكُم بِهِ ۚ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَاعلَموا أَنَّ اللَّهَ بِكُلِّ شَيءٍ عَليمٌ
wa-ʾidhā ṭallaqtumu n-nisāʾa fa-balaghna ʾajalahunna fa-ʾamsikūhunna bi-maʿrūfin ʾaw sarriḥūhunna bi-maʿrūfin wa-lā tumsikūhunna ḍirāran li-taʿtadū wa-man yafʿal dhālika fa-qad ẓalama nafsahū wa-lā tattakhidhū ʾāyāti llāhi huzuwan wa-dhkurū niʿmata llāhi ʿalaykum wa-mā ʾanzala ʿalaykum mina l-kitābi wa-l-ḥikmati yaʿiẓukum bihī wa-ttaqū llāha wa-ʿlamū ʾanna llāha bi-kulli shayʾin ʿalīmun
When you divorce women and they complete their term, then either retain them honourably or release them honourably, and do not retain them maliciously in order that you may transgress; and whoever does that certainly wrongs himself. Do not take the signs of Allah in derision, and remember Allah’s blessing upon you, and what He has sent down to you of the Book and wisdom, to advise you therewith. Be wary of Allah, and know that Allah has knowledge of all things.
232
وَإِذا طَلَّقتُمُ النِّساءَ فَبَلَغنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَلا تَعضُلوهُنَّ أَن يَنكِحنَ أَزواجَهُنَّ إِذا تَراضَوا بَينَهُم بِالمَعروفِ ۗ ذٰلِكَ يوعَظُ بِهِ مَن كانَ مِنكُم يُؤمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَاليَومِ الآخِرِ ۗ ذٰلِكُم أَزكىٰ لَكُم وَأَطهَرُ ۗ وَاللَّهُ يَعلَمُ وَأَنتُم لا تَعلَمونَ
wa-ʾidhā ṭallaqtumu n-nisāʾa fa-balaghna ʾajalahunna fa-lā taʿḍulūhunna ʾan yankiḥna ʾazwājahunna ʾidhā tarāḍaw baynahum bi-l-maʿrūfi dhālika yūʿaẓu bihī man kāna minkum yuʾminu bi-llāhi wa-l-yawmi l-ʾākhiri dhālikum ʾazkā lakum wa-ʾaṭharu wa-llāhu yaʿlamu wa-ʾantum lā taʿlamūna
When you divorce women and they complete their term, do not thwart them lest they should [re]marry their husbands, when they honourably reach mutual consent. Herewith are advised those of you who believe in Allah and the Last Day. That will be more decent and purer for you, and Allah knows and you do not know.
233
۞ وَالوالِداتُ يُرضِعنَ أَولادَهُنَّ حَولَينِ كامِلَينِ ۖ لِمَن أَرادَ أَن يُتِمَّ الرَّضاعَةَ ۚ وَعَلَى المَولودِ لَهُ رِزقُهُنَّ وَكِسوَتُهُنَّ بِالمَعروفِ ۚ لا تُكَلَّفُ نَفسٌ إِلّا وُسعَها ۚ لا تُضارَّ والِدَةٌ بِوَلَدِها وَلا مَولودٌ لَهُ بِوَلَدِهِ ۚ وَعَلَى الوارِثِ مِثلُ ذٰلِكَ ۗ فَإِن أَرادا فِصالًا عَن تَراضٍ مِنهُما وَتَشاوُرٍ فَلا جُناحَ عَلَيهِما ۗ وَإِن أَرَدتُم أَن تَستَرضِعوا أَولادَكُم فَلا جُناحَ عَلَيكُم إِذا سَلَّمتُم ما آتَيتُم بِالمَعروفِ ۗ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَاعلَموا أَنَّ اللَّهَ بِما تَعمَلونَ بَصيرٌ
wa-l-wālidātu yurḍiʿna ʾawlādahunna ḥawlayni kāmilayni li-man ʾarāda ʾan yutimma r-raḍāʿata wa-ʿalā l-mawlūdi lahū rizquhunna wa-kiswatuhunna bi-l-maʿrūfi lā tukallafu nafsun ʾillā wusʿahā lā tuḍārra wālidatun bi-waladihā wa-lā mawlūdun lahū bi-waladihī wa-ʿalā l-wārithi mithlu dhālika fa-ʾin ʾarādā fiṣālan ʿan tarāḍin minhumā wa-tashāwurin fa-lā junāḥa ʿalayhimā wa-ʾin ʾaradtum ʾan tastarḍiʿū ʾawlādakum fa-lā junāḥa ʿalaykum ʾidhā sallamtum mā ʾātaytum bi-l-maʿrūfi wa-ttaqū llāha wa-ʿlamū ʾanna llāha bi-mā taʿmalūna baṣīrun
Mothers shall suckle their children for two full years, —that for such as desire to complete the suckling— and on the father shall be their maintenance and clothing, in accordance with honourable norms. No soul is to be tasked except according to its capacity: neither the mother shall be made to suffer harm on her child’s account, nor the father on account of his child, and on the [father’s] heir devolve [duties and rights] similar to that. And if the couple desire to wean, with mutual consent and consultation, there will be no sin upon them. And if you want to have your children wet-nursed, there will be no sin upon you so long as you pay what you give in accordance with honourable norms, and be wary of Allah, and know that Allah sees best what you do.
234
وَالَّذينَ يُتَوَفَّونَ مِنكُم وَيَذَرونَ أَزواجًا يَتَرَبَّصنَ بِأَنفُسِهِنَّ أَربَعَةَ أَشهُرٍ وَعَشرًا ۖ فَإِذا بَلَغنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَلا جُناحَ عَلَيكُم فيما فَعَلنَ في أَنفُسِهِنَّ بِالمَعروفِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ بِما تَعمَلونَ خَبيرٌ
wa-lladhīna yutawaffawna minkum wa-yadharūna ʾazwājan yatarabbaṣna bi-ʾanfusihinna ʾarbaʿata ʾashhurin wa-ʿashran fa-ʾidhā balaghna ʾajalahunna fa-lā junāḥa ʿalaykum fī-mā faʿalna fī ʾanfusihinna bi-l-maʿrūfi wa-llāhu bi-mā taʿmalūna khabīrun
As for those of you who die leaving wives, they shall wait by themselves four months and ten days, and when they complete their term, there will be no sin upon you in respect of what they may do with themselves in accordance with honourable norms. And Allah is well aware of what you do.
235
وَلا جُناحَ عَلَيكُم فيما عَرَّضتُم بِهِ مِن خِطبَةِ النِّساءِ أَو أَكنَنتُم في أَنفُسِكُم ۚ عَلِمَ اللَّهُ أَنَّكُم سَتَذكُرونَهُنَّ وَلٰكِن لا تُواعِدوهُنَّ سِرًّا إِلّا أَن تَقولوا قَولًا مَعروفًا ۚ وَلا تَعزِموا عُقدَةَ النِّكاحِ حَتّىٰ يَبلُغَ الكِتابُ أَجَلَهُ ۚ وَاعلَموا أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَعلَمُ ما في أَنفُسِكُم فَاحذَروهُ ۚ وَاعلَموا أَنَّ اللَّهَ غَفورٌ حَليمٌ
wa-lā junāḥa ʿalaykum fī-mā ʿarraḍtum bihī min khiṭbati n-nisāʾi ʾaw ʾaknantum fī ʾanfusikum ʿalima llāhu ʾannakum sa-tadhkurūnahunna wa-lākin lā tuwāʿidūhunna sirran ʾillā ʾan taqūlū qawlan maʿrūfan wa-lā taʿzimū ʿuqdata n-nikāḥi ḥattā yablugha l-kitābu ʾajalahū wa-ʿlamū ʾanna llāha yaʿlamu mā fī ʾanfusikum fa-ḥdharūhu wa-ʿlamū ʾanna llāha ghafūrun ḥalīmun
There is no sin upon you in what you may hint in proposing to [recently widowed] women, or what you may secretly cherish within your hearts. Allah knows that you will be thinking of them, but do not make troth with them secretly, unless you say honourable words, and do not resolve on a marriage tie until the prescribed term is complete.1 Know that Allah knows what is in your hearts, so beware of Him; and know that Allah is all-forgiving, all-forbearing.That is, until the waiting period of four months and ten days prescribed for the widows is completed.
236
لا جُناحَ عَلَيكُم إِن طَلَّقتُمُ النِّساءَ ما لَم تَمَسّوهُنَّ أَو تَفرِضوا لَهُنَّ فَريضَةً ۚ وَمَتِّعوهُنَّ عَلَى الموسِعِ قَدَرُهُ وَعَلَى المُقتِرِ قَدَرُهُ مَتاعًا بِالمَعروفِ ۖ حَقًّا عَلَى المُحسِنينَ
lā junāḥa ʿalaykum ʾin ṭallaqtumu n-nisāʾa mā lam tamassūhunna ʾaw tafriḍū lahunna farīḍatan wa-mattiʿūhunna ʿalā l-mūsiʿi qadaruhū wa-ʿalā l-muqtiri qadaruhū matāʿan bi-l-maʿrūfi ḥaqqan ʿalā l-muḥsinīna
There is no sin upon you if you divorce women while you have not yet touched them or settled a dowry for them. Yet provide for them —the well-off according to his capacity, and the poorly-off according to his capacity— with a sustenance that is honourable, an obligation on the virtuous.
237
وَإِن طَلَّقتُموهُنَّ مِن قَبلِ أَن تَمَسّوهُنَّ وَقَد فَرَضتُم لَهُنَّ فَريضَةً فَنِصفُ ما فَرَضتُم إِلّا أَن يَعفونَ أَو يَعفُوَ الَّذي بِيَدِهِ عُقدَةُ النِّكاحِ ۚ وَأَن تَعفوا أَقرَبُ لِلتَّقوىٰ ۚ وَلا تَنسَوُا الفَضلَ بَينَكُم ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ بِما تَعمَلونَ بَصيرٌ
wa-ʾin ṭallaqtumūhunna min qabli ʾan tamassūhunna wa-qad faraḍtum lahunna farīḍatan fa-niṣfu mā faraḍtum ʾillā ʾan yaʿfūna ʾaw yaʿfuwa lladhī bi-yadihī ʿuqdatu n-nikāḥi wa-ʾan taʿfū ʾaqrabu li-t-taqwā wa-lā tansawu l-faḍla baynakum ʾinna llāha bi-mā taʿmalūna baṣīrun
And if you divorce them before you touch them, and you have already settled a dowry for them, then [pay them] half of what you have settled, unless they forgo it, or someone in whose hand is the marriage tie forgoes it.1 And to forgo is nearer to Godwariness; so do not forget graciousness among yourselves. Indeed Allah sees best what you do.That is, the wife’s guardian or the husband. The bride’s guardian may forgo the half of the dowry which is her right to receive, or the husband may refrain from demanding half of the dowry he has already paid.
238
حافِظوا عَلَى الصَّلَواتِ وَالصَّلاةِ الوُسطىٰ وَقوموا لِلَّهِ قانِتينَ
ḥāfiẓū ʿalā ṣ-ṣalawāti wa-ṣ-ṣalāti l-wusṭā wa-qūmū li-llāhi qānitīna
Be watchful of your prayers, and [especially] the middle prayer,1 and stand in obedience2 to Allah;That is, the ẓuhr (noon) prayer, according to several traditions narrated from the Imams of the Prophet’s Household, as well as many traditions narrated in the Sunnī sources (see al-Tafsīr al-Burhān, al-Ṭabarī’s Jāmi‘ al-Bayān). According to other interpretations, the phrase ‘the middle prayer’ refers to the ʿaṣr (afternoon), maghrib (sunset) or fajr (dawn) prayer.Or ‘stand humbly’ (or ‘prayerfully,’ ‘devoutly’) before Allah.
239
فَإِن خِفتُم فَرِجالًا أَو رُكبانًا ۖ فَإِذا أَمِنتُم فَاذكُرُوا اللَّهَ كَما عَلَّمَكُم ما لَم تَكونوا تَعلَمونَ
fa-ʾin khiftum fa-rijālan ʾaw rukbānan fa-ʾidhā ʾamintum fa-dhkurū llāha ka-mā ʿallamakum mā lam takūnū taʿlamūna
and should you fear [a danger], then [pray] on foot or mounted, and when you are safe, remember Allah, as He taught you what you did not know.
240
وَالَّذينَ يُتَوَفَّونَ مِنكُم وَيَذَرونَ أَزواجًا وَصِيَّةً لِأَزواجِهِم مَتاعًا إِلَى الحَولِ غَيرَ إِخراجٍ ۚ فَإِن خَرَجنَ فَلا جُناحَ عَلَيكُم في ما فَعَلنَ في أَنفُسِهِنَّ مِن مَعروفٍ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَزيزٌ حَكيمٌ
wa-lladhīna yutawaffawna minkum wa-yadharūna ʾazwājan waṣiyyatan li-ʾazwājihim matāʿan ʾilā l-ḥawli ghayra ʾikhrājin fa-ʾin kharajna fa-lā junāḥa ʿalaykum fī mā faʿalna fī ʾanfusihinna min maʿrūfin wa-llāhu ʿazīzun ḥakīmun
Those of you who die leaving wives shall bequeath for their wives providing for a year, without turning them out; but if they leave, there is no sin upon you in respect of what they may do with themselves observing honourable norms. And Allah is all-mighty, all-wise.
241
وَلِلمُطَلَّقاتِ مَتاعٌ بِالمَعروفِ ۖ حَقًّا عَلَى المُتَّقينَ
wa-li-l-muṭallaqāti matāʿun bi-l-maʿrūfi ḥaqqan ʿalā l-muttaqīna
For the divorced women there shall be a provision, in accordance with honourable norms —an obligation on the Godwary.
242
كَذٰلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ لَكُم آياتِهِ لَعَلَّكُم تَعقِلونَ
ka-dhālika yubayyinu llāhu lakum ʾāyātihī laʿallakum taʿqilūna
Thus does Allah clarify His signs to you so that you may apply reason.
243
۞ أَلَم تَرَ إِلَى الَّذينَ خَرَجوا مِن دِيارِهِم وَهُم أُلوفٌ حَذَرَ المَوتِ فَقالَ لَهُمُ اللَّهُ موتوا ثُمَّ أَحياهُم ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَذو فَضلٍ عَلَى النّاسِ وَلٰكِنَّ أَكثَرَ النّاسِ لا يَشكُرونَ
ʾa-lam tara ʾilā lladhīna kharajū min diyārihim wa-hum ʾulūfun ḥadhara l-mawti fa-qāla lahumu llāhu mūtū thumma ʾaḥyāhum ʾinna llāha la-dhū faḍlin ʿalā n-nāsi wa-lākinna ʾakthara n-nāsi lā yashkurūna
Have you not regarded those who left their homes in thousands, apprehensive of death, whereupon Allah said to them, ‘Die,’ then He revived them? Indeed Allah is gracious to mankind, but most people do not give thanks.
244
وَقاتِلوا في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ وَاعلَموا أَنَّ اللَّهَ سَميعٌ عَليمٌ
wa-qātilū fī sabīli llāhi wa-ʿlamū ʾanna llāha samīʿun ʿalīmun
Fight in the way of Allah, and know that Allah is all-hearing, all-knowing.
245
مَن ذَا الَّذي يُقرِضُ اللَّهَ قَرضًا حَسَنًا فَيُضاعِفَهُ لَهُ أَضعافًا كَثيرَةً ۚ وَاللَّهُ يَقبِضُ وَيَبسُطُ وَإِلَيهِ تُرجَعونَ
man dhā lladhī yuqriḍu llāha qarḍan ḥasanan fa-yuḍāʿifahū lahū ʾaḍʿāfan kathīratan wa-llāhu yaqbiḍu wa-yabsuṭu wa-ʾilayhi turjaʿūna
Who is it that will lend Allah a good loan that He may multiply it for him severalfold? And Allah tightens and expands [the means of life], and to Him you shall be brought back.
246
أَلَم تَرَ إِلَى المَلَإِ مِن بَني إِسرائيلَ مِن بَعدِ موسىٰ إِذ قالوا لِنَبِيٍّ لَهُمُ ابعَث لَنا مَلِكًا نُقاتِل في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ ۖ قالَ هَل عَسَيتُم إِن كُتِبَ عَلَيكُمُ القِتالُ أَلّا تُقاتِلوا ۖ قالوا وَما لَنا أَلّا نُقاتِلَ في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ وَقَد أُخرِجنا مِن دِيارِنا وَأَبنائِنا ۖ فَلَمّا كُتِبَ عَلَيهِمُ القِتالُ تَوَلَّوا إِلّا قَليلًا مِنهُم ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَليمٌ بِالظّالِمينَ
ʾa-lam tara ʾilā l-malaʾi min banī ʾisrāʾīla min baʿdi mūsā ʾidh qālū li-nabiyyin lahumu bʿath lanā malikan nuqātil fī sabīli llāhi qāla hal ʿasaytum ʾin kutiba ʿalaykumu l-qitālu ʾallā tuqātilū qālū wa-mā lanā ʾallā nuqātila fī sabīli llāhi wa-qad ʾukhrijnā min diyārinā wa-ʾabnāʾinā fa-lammā kutiba ʿalayhimu l-qitālu tawallaw ʾillā qalīlan minhum wa-llāhu ʿalīmun bi-ẓ-ẓālimīna
Have you not regarded the elite of the Israelites after Moses, when they said to their prophet, ‘Appoint for us a king, that we may fight in the way of Allah.’ He said, ‘May it not be that you will not fight if fighting were prescribed for you?’ They said, ‘Why should we not fight in the way of Allah, when we have been expelled from our homes and [separated from] our children?’ So when fighting was prescribed for them, they turned back except a few of them, and Allah knows best the wrongdoers.
247
وَقالَ لَهُم نَبِيُّهُم إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَد بَعَثَ لَكُم طالوتَ مَلِكًا ۚ قالوا أَنّىٰ يَكونُ لَهُ المُلكُ عَلَينا وَنَحنُ أَحَقُّ بِالمُلكِ مِنهُ وَلَم يُؤتَ سَعَةً مِنَ المالِ ۚ قالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ اصطَفاهُ عَلَيكُم وَزادَهُ بَسطَةً فِي العِلمِ وَالجِسمِ ۖ وَاللَّهُ يُؤتي مُلكَهُ مَن يَشاءُ ۚ وَاللَّهُ واسِعٌ عَليمٌ
wa-qāla lahum nabiyyuhum ʾinna llāha qad baʿatha lakum ṭālūta malikan qālū ʾannā yakūnu lahu l-mulku ʿalaynā wa-naḥnu ʾaḥaqqu bi-l-mulki minhu wa-lam yuʾta saʿatan mina l-māli qāla ʾinna llāha ṣṭafāhu ʿalaykum wa-zādahū basṭatan fī l-ʿilmi wa-l-jismi wa-llāhu yuʾtī mulkahū man yashāʾu wa-llāhu wāsiʿun ʿalīmun
Their prophet said to them, ‘Allah has appointed Saul as king for you.’ They said, ‘How can he have kingship over us, when we have a greater right to kingship than him, as he has not been given ample wealth?’ He said, ‘Indeed Allah has chosen him over you, and enhanced him vastly in knowledge and physique, and Allah gives His kingdom to whomever He wishes, and Allah is all-bounteous, all-knowing.’
248
وَقالَ لَهُم نَبِيُّهُم إِنَّ آيَةَ مُلكِهِ أَن يَأتِيَكُمُ التّابوتُ فيهِ سَكينَةٌ مِن رَبِّكُم وَبَقِيَّةٌ مِمّا تَرَكَ آلُ موسىٰ وَآلُ هارونَ تَحمِلُهُ المَلائِكَةُ ۚ إِنَّ في ذٰلِكَ لَآيَةً لَكُم إِن كُنتُم مُؤمِنينَ
wa-qāla lahum nabiyyuhum ʾinna ʾāyata mulkihī ʾan yaʾtiyakumu t-tābūtu fīhi sakīnatun min rabbikum wa-baqiyyatun mimmā taraka ʾālu mūsā wa-ʾālu hārūna taḥmiluhu l-malāʾikatu ʾinna fī dhālika la-ʾāyatan lakum ʾin kuntum muʾminīna
Their prophet said to them, ‘Indeed the sign of his kingship shall be that the Ark will come to you, bearing tranquillity from your Lord and the relics left behind by the House of Moses and the House of Aaron, borne by the angels. There is indeed a sign in that for you, should you be faithful.’
249
فَلَمّا فَصَلَ طالوتُ بِالجُنودِ قالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ مُبتَليكُم بِنَهَرٍ فَمَن شَرِبَ مِنهُ فَلَيسَ مِنّي وَمَن لَم يَطعَمهُ فَإِنَّهُ مِنّي إِلّا مَنِ اغتَرَفَ غُرفَةً بِيَدِهِ ۚ فَشَرِبوا مِنهُ إِلّا قَليلًا مِنهُم ۚ فَلَمّا جاوَزَهُ هُوَ وَالَّذينَ آمَنوا مَعَهُ قالوا لا طاقَةَ لَنَا اليَومَ بِجالوتَ وَجُنودِهِ ۚ قالَ الَّذينَ يَظُنّونَ أَنَّهُم مُلاقُو اللَّهِ كَم مِن فِئَةٍ قَليلَةٍ غَلَبَت فِئَةً كَثيرَةً بِإِذنِ اللَّهِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ مَعَ الصّابِرينَ
fa-lammā faṣala ṭālūtu bi-l-junūdi qāla ʾinna llāha mubtalīkum bi-naharin fa-man shariba minhu fa-laysa minnī wa-man lam yaṭʿamhu fa-ʾinnahū minnī ʾillā mani ghtarafa ghurfatan bi-yadihī fa-sharibū minhu ʾillā qalīlan minhum fa-lammā jāwazahū huwa wa-lladhīna ʾāmanū maʿahū qālū lā ṭāqata lanā l-yawma bi-jālūta wa-junūdihī qāla lladhīna yaẓunnūna ʾannahum mulāqū llāhi kam min fiʾatin qalīlatin ghalabat fiʾatan kathīratan bi-ʾidhni llāhi wa-llāhu maʿa ṣ-ṣābirīna
As Saul set out with the troops, he said, ‘Allah will test you with a stream: anyone who drinks from it will not belong to me, but those who do not drink from it will belong to me, barring someone who draws a scoop with his hand.’ But they drank from it, [all] except a few of them. So when he crossed it along with the faithful who were with him, they said, ‘We have no strength today against Goliath and his troops.’ Those who were certain they will encounter Allah said, ‘How many a small party has overcome a larger party by Allah’s will! And Allah is with the patient.’
250
وَلَمّا بَرَزوا لِجالوتَ وَجُنودِهِ قالوا رَبَّنا أَفرِغ عَلَينا صَبرًا وَثَبِّت أَقدامَنا وَانصُرنا عَلَى القَومِ الكافِرينَ
wa-lammā barazū li-jālūta wa-junūdihī qālū rabbanā ʾafrigh ʿalaynā ṣabran wa-thabbit ʾaqdāmanā wa-nṣurnā ʿalā l-qawmi l-kāfirīna
So when they marched out for [encounter with] Goliath and his troops, they said, ‘Our Lord, pour patience upon us, make our feet steady, and assist us against the faithless lot.’
251
فَهَزَموهُم بِإِذنِ اللَّهِ وَقَتَلَ داوودُ جالوتَ وَآتاهُ اللَّهُ المُلكَ وَالحِكمَةَ وَعَلَّمَهُ مِمّا يَشاءُ ۗ وَلَولا دَفعُ اللَّهِ النّاسَ بَعضَهُم بِبَعضٍ لَفَسَدَتِ الأَرضُ وَلٰكِنَّ اللَّهَ ذو فَضلٍ عَلَى العالَمينَ
fa-hazamūhum bi-ʾidhni llāhi wa-qatala dāwūdu jālūta wa-ʾātāhu llāhu l-mulka wa-l-ḥikmata wa-ʿallamahū mimmā yashāʾu wa-law-lā dafʿu llāhi n-nāsa baʿḍahum bi-baʿḍin la-fasadati l-ʾarḍu wa-lākinna llāha dhū faḍlin ʿalā l-ʿālamīna
Thus they routed them with Allah’s will, and David killed Goliath, and Allah gave him the kingdom and wisdom, and taught him whatever He liked. Were it not for Allah’s repelling the people by means of one another, the earth would surely have been corrupted; but Allah is gracious to the world’s creatures.
252
تِلكَ آياتُ اللَّهِ نَتلوها عَلَيكَ بِالحَقِّ ۚ وَإِنَّكَ لَمِنَ المُرسَلينَ
tilka ʾāyātu llāhi natlūhā ʿalayka bi-l-ḥaqqi wa-ʾinnaka la-mina l-mursalīna
These are the signs of Allah which We recite for you in truth, and you are indeed one of the apostles.
253
۞ تِلكَ الرُّسُلُ فَضَّلنا بَعضَهُم عَلىٰ بَعضٍ ۘ مِنهُم مَن كَلَّمَ اللَّهُ ۖ وَرَفَعَ بَعضَهُم دَرَجاتٍ ۚ وَآتَينا عيسَى ابنَ مَريَمَ البَيِّناتِ وَأَيَّدناهُ بِروحِ القُدُسِ ۗ وَلَو شاءَ اللَّهُ مَا اقتَتَلَ الَّذينَ مِن بَعدِهِم مِن بَعدِ ما جاءَتهُمُ البَيِّناتُ وَلٰكِنِ اختَلَفوا فَمِنهُم مَن آمَنَ وَمِنهُم مَن كَفَرَ ۚ وَلَو شاءَ اللَّهُ مَا اقتَتَلوا وَلٰكِنَّ اللَّهَ يَفعَلُ ما يُريدُ
tilka r-rusulu faḍḍalnā baʿḍahum ʿalā baʿḍin minhum man kallama llāhu wa-rafaʿa baʿḍahum darajātin wa-ʾātaynā ʿīsā bna maryama l-bayyināti wa-ʾayyadnāhu bi-rūḥi l-qudusi wa-law shāʾa llāhu mā qtatala lladhīna min baʿdihim min baʿdi mā jāʾathumu l-bayyinātu wa-lākini khtalafū fa-minhum man ʾāmana wa-minhum man kafara wa-law shāʾa llāhu mā qtatalū wa-lākinna llāha yafʿalu mā yurīdu
These are the apostles, some of whom We gave an advantage over others: of them are those to whom Allah spoke, and some of them He raised in rank, and We gave Jesus, son of Mary, manifest proofs and strengthened him with the Holy Spirit. Had Allah wished, those who succeeded them would not have fought each other after the manifest proofs had come to them. But they differed. So there were among them those who had faith and there were among them those who were faithless, and had Allah wished, they would not have fought one another; but Allah does whatever He desires.
254
يا أَيُّهَا الَّذينَ آمَنوا أَنفِقوا مِمّا رَزَقناكُم مِن قَبلِ أَن يَأتِيَ يَومٌ لا بَيعٌ فيهِ وَلا خُلَّةٌ وَلا شَفاعَةٌ ۗ وَالكافِرونَ هُمُ الظّالِمونَ
yā-ʾayyuhā lladhīna ʾāmanū ʾanfiqū mimmā razaqnākum min qabli ʾan yaʾtiya yawmun lā bayʿun fīhi wa-lā khullatun wa-lā shafāʿatun wa-l-kāfirūna humu ẓ-ẓālimūna
O you who have faith! Spend out of what We have provided you before there comes a day on which there will be no bargaining, neither friendship, nor intercession. And the faithless—they are the wrongdoers.
255
اللَّهُ لا إِلٰهَ إِلّا هُوَ الحَيُّ القَيّومُ ۚ لا تَأخُذُهُ سِنَةٌ وَلا نَومٌ ۚ لَهُ ما فِي السَّماواتِ وَما فِي الأَرضِ ۗ مَن ذَا الَّذي يَشفَعُ عِندَهُ إِلّا بِإِذنِهِ ۚ يَعلَمُ ما بَينَ أَيديهِم وَما خَلفَهُم ۖ وَلا يُحيطونَ بِشَيءٍ مِن عِلمِهِ إِلّا بِما شاءَ ۚ وَسِعَ كُرسِيُّهُ السَّماواتِ وَالأَرضَ ۖ وَلا يَئودُهُ حِفظُهُما ۚ وَهُوَ العَلِيُّ العَظيمُ
allāhu lā ʾilāha ʾillā huwa l-ḥayyu l-qayyūmu lā taʾkhudhuhū sinatun wa-lā nawmun lahū mā fī s-samāwāti wa-mā fī l-ʾarḍi man dhā lladhī yashfaʿu ʿindahū ʾillā bi-ʾidhnihī yaʿlamu mā bayna ʾaydīhim wa-mā khalfahum wa-lā yuḥīṭūna bi-shayʾin min ʿilmihī ʾillā bi-mā shāʾa wasiʿa kursiyyuhu s-samāwāti wa-l-ʾarḍa wa-lā yaʾūduhū ḥifẓuhumā wa-huwa l-ʿaliyyu l-ʿaẓīmu
Allah—there is no god except Him— is the Living One, the All-sustainer. Neither drowsiness befalls Him nor sleep. To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth. Who is it that may intercede with Him except with His permission? He knows that which is before them and that which is behind them, and they do not comprehend anything of His knowledge except what He wishes. His seat embraces the heavens and the earth, and He is not wearied by their preservation, and He is the All-exalted, the All-supreme.
256
لا إِكراهَ فِي الدّينِ ۖ قَد تَبَيَّنَ الرُّشدُ مِنَ الغَيِّ ۚ فَمَن يَكفُر بِالطّاغوتِ وَيُؤمِن بِاللَّهِ فَقَدِ استَمسَكَ بِالعُروَةِ الوُثقىٰ لَا انفِصامَ لَها ۗ وَاللَّهُ سَميعٌ عَليمٌ
lā ʾikrāha fī d-dīni qad tabayyana r-rushdu mina l-ghayyi fa-man yakfur bi-ṭ-ṭāghūti wa-yuʾmin bi-llāhi fa-qadi stamsaka bi-l-ʿurwati l-wuthqā lā nfiṣāma lahā wa-llāhu samīʿun ʿalīmun-i
There is no compulsion in religion: rectitude has become distinct from error. So one who disavows the Rebels1 and has faith in Allah has held fast to the firmest handle for which there is no breaking; and Allah is all-hearing, all-knowing.The word ṭāghūt has been said to refer to Satan (also called the ‘rebel angel’ and ‘rebel against God’), idol, soothsayer, magician, rebellious humans and jinn, and the carnal soul. Cf. 4:51, 60, 76; 5:60; 16:36.
257
اللَّهُ وَلِيُّ الَّذينَ آمَنوا يُخرِجُهُم مِنَ الظُّلُماتِ إِلَى النّورِ ۖ وَالَّذينَ كَفَروا أَولِياؤُهُمُ الطّاغوتُ يُخرِجونَهُم مِنَ النّورِ إِلَى الظُّلُماتِ ۗ أُولٰئِكَ أَصحابُ النّارِ ۖ هُم فيها خالِدونَ
allāhu waliyyu lladhīna ʾāmanū yukhrijuhum mina ẓ-ẓulumāti ʾilā n-nūri wa-lladhīna kafarū ʾawliyāʾuhumu ṭ-ṭāghūtu yukhrijūnahum mina n-nūri ʾilā ẓ-ẓulumāti ʾulāʾika ʾaṣḥābu n-nāri hum fīhā khālidūna
Allah is the Guardian of the faithful: He brings them out of darkness into light. As for the faithless, their patrons are the Rebels, who drive them out of light into darkness. They shall be the inmates of the Fire, and they shall remain in it [forever].
258
أَلَم تَرَ إِلَى الَّذي حاجَّ إِبراهيمَ في رَبِّهِ أَن آتاهُ اللَّهُ المُلكَ إِذ قالَ إِبراهيمُ رَبِّيَ الَّذي يُحيي وَيُميتُ قالَ أَنا أُحيي وَأُميتُ ۖ قالَ إِبراهيمُ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأتي بِالشَّمسِ مِنَ المَشرِقِ فَأتِ بِها مِنَ المَغرِبِ فَبُهِتَ الَّذي كَفَرَ ۗ وَاللَّهُ لا يَهدِي القَومَ الظّالِمينَ
ʾa-lam tara ʾilā lladhī ḥājja ʾibrāhīma fī rabbihī ʾan ʾātāhu llāhu l-mulka ʾidh qāla ʾibrāhīmu rabbiya lladhī yuḥyī wa-yumītu qāla ʾana ʾuḥyī wa-ʾumītu qāla ʾibrāhīmu fa-ʾinna llāha yaʾtī bi-sh-shamsi mina l-mashriqi fa-ʾti bihā mina l-maghribi fa-buhita lladhī kafara wa-llāhu lā yahdī l-qawma ẓ-ẓālimīna
Have you not regarded him1 who argued with Abraham about his Lord, because Allah had given him kingdom? When Abraham said, ‘My Lord is He who gives life and brings death,’ he replied, ‘I [too] give life and bring death.’ Abraham said, ‘Indeed Allah brings the sun from the east; now you bring it from the west.’ Thereat the faithless one was dumbfounded. And Allah does not guide the wrongdoing lot.That is, Nimrod.
259
أَو كَالَّذي مَرَّ عَلىٰ قَريَةٍ وَهِيَ خاوِيَةٌ عَلىٰ عُروشِها قالَ أَنّىٰ يُحيي هٰذِهِ اللَّهُ بَعدَ مَوتِها ۖ فَأَماتَهُ اللَّهُ مِائَةَ عامٍ ثُمَّ بَعَثَهُ ۖ قالَ كَم لَبِثتَ ۖ قالَ لَبِثتُ يَومًا أَو بَعضَ يَومٍ ۖ قالَ بَل لَبِثتَ مِائَةَ عامٍ فَانظُر إِلىٰ طَعامِكَ وَشَرابِكَ لَم يَتَسَنَّه ۖ وَانظُر إِلىٰ حِمارِكَ وَلِنَجعَلَكَ آيَةً لِلنّاسِ ۖ وَانظُر إِلَى العِظامِ كَيفَ نُنشِزُها ثُمَّ نَكسوها لَحمًا ۚ فَلَمّا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُ قالَ أَعلَمُ أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَلىٰ كُلِّ شَيءٍ قَديرٌ
ʾaw ka-lladhī marra ʿalā qaryatin wa-hiya khāwiyatun ʿalā ʿurūshihā qāla ʾannā yuḥyī hādhihi llāhu baʿda mawtihā fa-ʾamātahu llāhu miʾata ʿāmin thumma baʿathahū qāla kam labithta qāla labithtu yawman ʾaw baʿḍa yawmin qāla bal labithta miʾata ʿāmin fa-nẓur ʾilā ṭaʿāmika wa-sharābika lam yatasannah wa-nẓur ʾilā ḥimārika wa-li-najʿalaka ʾāyatan li-n-nāsi wa-nẓur ʾilā l-ʿiẓāmi kayfa nunshizuhā thumma naksūhā laḥman fa-lammā tabayyana lahū qāla ʾaʿlamu ʾanna llāha ʿalā kulli shayʾin qadīrun
Or him1 who came upon a township as it lay fallen on its trellises. He said, ‘How will Allah revive this after its death?!’ So Allah made him die for a hundred years, then He resurrected him. He said, ‘How long have you remained?’ Said he, ‘I have remained a day or part of a day.’ He said, ‘Rather you have remained a hundred years. Now look at your food and drink which have not rotted! Then look at your ass! [This was done] that We may make you a sign for mankind. And look at the bones, how We arrange them and then clothe them with flesh!’ When it became evident to him, he said, ‘I know that Allah has power over all things.’That is, Ezra (ʿUzayr).
260
وَإِذ قالَ إِبراهيمُ رَبِّ أَرِني كَيفَ تُحيِي المَوتىٰ ۖ قالَ أَوَلَم تُؤمِن ۖ قالَ بَلىٰ وَلٰكِن لِيَطمَئِنَّ قَلبي ۖ قالَ فَخُذ أَربَعَةً مِنَ الطَّيرِ فَصُرهُنَّ إِلَيكَ ثُمَّ اجعَل عَلىٰ كُلِّ جَبَلٍ مِنهُنَّ جُزءًا ثُمَّ ادعُهُنَّ يَأتينَكَ سَعيًا ۚ وَاعلَم أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزيزٌ حَكيمٌ
wa-ʾidh qāla ʾibrāhīmu rabbi ʾarinī kayfa tuḥyi l-mawtā qāla ʾa-wa-lam tuʾmin qāla balā wa-lākin li-yaṭmaʾinna qalbī qāla fa-khudh ʾarbaʿatan mina ṭ-ṭayri fa-ṣurhunna ʾilayka thumma jʿal ʿalā kulli jabalin minhunna juzʾan thumma dʿuhunna yaʾtīnaka saʿyan wa-ʿlam ʾanna llāha ʿazīzun ḥakīmun
And when Abraham said, ‘My Lord! Show me how You revive the dead,’ He said, ‘Do you not believe?’ He said, ‘Yes indeed, but in order that my heart may be at rest.’ He said, ‘Take four of the birds. Then cut them into pieces, and place a part of them on every mountain, then call them; they will come to you hastening. And know that Allah is all-mighty and all-wise.’
261
مَثَلُ الَّذينَ يُنفِقونَ أَموالَهُم في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ كَمَثَلِ حَبَّةٍ أَنبَتَت سَبعَ سَنابِلَ في كُلِّ سُنبُلَةٍ مِائَةُ حَبَّةٍ ۗ وَاللَّهُ يُضاعِفُ لِمَن يَشاءُ ۗ وَاللَّهُ واسِعٌ عَليمٌ
mathalu lladhīna yunfiqūna ʾamwālahum fī sabīli llāhi ka-mathali ḥabbatin ʾanbatat sabʿa sanābila fī kulli sunbulatin miʾatu ḥabbatin wa-llāhu yuḍāʿifu li-man yashāʾu wa-llāhu wāsiʿun ʿalīmun-i
The parable of those who spend their wealth in the way of Allah is that of a grain which grows seven ears, in every ear a hundred grains. Allah enhances severalfold whomever He wishes, and Allah is all-bounteous, all-knowing.
262
الَّذينَ يُنفِقونَ أَموالَهُم في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ لا يُتبِعونَ ما أَنفَقوا مَنًّا وَلا أَذًى ۙ لَهُم أَجرُهُم عِندَ رَبِّهِم وَلا خَوفٌ عَلَيهِم وَلا هُم يَحزَنونَ
alladhīna yunfiqūna ʾamwālahum fī sabīli llāhi thumma lā yutbiʿūna mā ʾanfaqū mannan wa-lā ʾadhan lahum ʾajruhum ʿinda rabbihim wa-lā khawfun ʿalayhim wa-lā hum yaḥzanūna
Those who spend their wealth in the way of Allah and then do not follow up what they have spent with reproaches1 and affronts, they shall have their reward near their Lord, and they will have no fear, nor will they grieve.More exactly, with reproachful reminders of favours done. Cf. 2:264 below.
263
۞ قَولٌ مَعروفٌ وَمَغفِرَةٌ خَيرٌ مِن صَدَقَةٍ يَتبَعُها أَذًى ۗ وَاللَّهُ غَنِيٌّ حَليمٌ
qawlun maʿrūfun wa-maghfiratun khayrun min ṣadaqatin yatbaʿuhā ʾadhan wa-llāhu ghaniyyun ḥalīmun
An honourable word with pardon is better than a charity followed by affront. Allah is all-sufficient, most forbearing.
264
يا أَيُّهَا الَّذينَ آمَنوا لا تُبطِلوا صَدَقاتِكُم بِالمَنِّ وَالأَذىٰ كَالَّذي يُنفِقُ مالَهُ رِئَاءَ النّاسِ وَلا يُؤمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَاليَومِ الآخِرِ ۖ فَمَثَلُهُ كَمَثَلِ صَفوانٍ عَلَيهِ تُرابٌ فَأَصابَهُ وابِلٌ فَتَرَكَهُ صَلدًا ۖ لا يَقدِرونَ عَلىٰ شَيءٍ مِمّا كَسَبوا ۗ وَاللَّهُ لا يَهدِي القَومَ الكافِرينَ
yā-ʾayyuhā lladhīna ʾāmanū lā tubṭilū ṣadaqātikum bi-l-manni wa-l-ʾadhā ka-lladhī yunfiqu mālahū riʾāʾa n-nāsi wa-lā yuʾminu bi-llāhi wa-l-yawmi l-ʾākhiri fa-mathaluhū ka-mathali ṣafwānin ʿalayhi turābun fa-ʾaṣābahū wābilun fa-tarakahū ṣaldan lā yaqdirūna ʿalā shayʾin mimmā kasabū wa-llāhu lā yahdī l-qawma l-kāfirīna
O you who have faith! Do not render your charities void by reproaches and affronts, like those who spend their wealth to be seen by people and have no faith in Allah and the Last Day. Their parable1 is that of a rock covered with soil: a downpour strikes it, leaving it bare. They have no power over anything of what they have earned, and Allah does not guide the faithless lot.Or ‘example.’
265
وَمَثَلُ الَّذينَ يُنفِقونَ أَموالَهُمُ ابتِغاءَ مَرضاتِ اللَّهِ وَتَثبيتًا مِن أَنفُسِهِم كَمَثَلِ جَنَّةٍ بِرَبوَةٍ أَصابَها وابِلٌ فَآتَت أُكُلَها ضِعفَينِ فَإِن لَم يُصِبها وابِلٌ فَطَلٌّ ۗ وَاللَّهُ بِما تَعمَلونَ بَصيرٌ
wa-mathalu lladhīna yunfiqūna ʾamwālahumu btighāʾa marḍāti llāhi wa-tathbītan min ʾanfusihim ka-mathali jannatin bi-rabwatin ʾaṣābahā wābilun fa-ʾātat ʾukulahā ḍiʿfayni fa-ʾin lam yuṣibhā wābilun fa-ṭallun wa-llāhu bi-mā taʿmalūna baṣīrun
The parable of those who spend their wealth seeking Allah’s pleasure and to confirm themselves, is that of a garden on a hillside: the downpour strikes it, whereupon it brings forth its fruit twofold; and if it is not a downpour that strikes it, then a shower, and Allah sees best what you do.
266
أَيَوَدُّ أَحَدُكُم أَن تَكونَ لَهُ جَنَّةٌ مِن نَخيلٍ وَأَعنابٍ تَجري مِن تَحتِهَا الأَنهارُ لَهُ فيها مِن كُلِّ الثَّمَراتِ وَأَصابَهُ الكِبَرُ وَلَهُ ذُرِّيَّةٌ ضُعَفاءُ فَأَصابَها إِعصارٌ فيهِ نارٌ فَاحتَرَقَت ۗ كَذٰلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ لَكُمُ الآياتِ لَعَلَّكُم تَتَفَكَّرونَ
ʾa-yawaddu ʾaḥadukum ʾan takūna lahū jannatun min nakhīlin wa-ʾaʿnābin tajrī min taḥtihā l-ʾanhāru lahū fīhā min kulli th-thamarāti wa-ʾaṣābahu l-kibaru wa-lahū dhurriyyatun ḍuʿafāʾu fa-ʾaṣābahā ʾiʿṣārun fīhi nārun fa-ḥtaraqat ka-dhālika yubayyinu llāhu lakumu l-ʾāyāti laʿallakum tatafakkarūna
Would any of you like to have a garden of palm trees and vines, with streams running in it, with all kinds of fruit for him therein, and old age were to strike him while he has weakly offspring; whereupon a fiery hurricane were to hit it, whereat it lies burnt? Thus does Allah clarify His signs for you so that you may reflect.
267
يا أَيُّهَا الَّذينَ آمَنوا أَنفِقوا مِن طَيِّباتِ ما كَسَبتُم وَمِمّا أَخرَجنا لَكُم مِنَ الأَرضِ ۖ وَلا تَيَمَّمُوا الخَبيثَ مِنهُ تُنفِقونَ وَلَستُم بِآخِذيهِ إِلّا أَن تُغمِضوا فيهِ ۚ وَاعلَموا أَنَّ اللَّهَ غَنِيٌّ حَميدٌ
yā-ʾayyuhā lladhīna ʾāmanū ʾanfiqū min ṭayyibāti mā kasabtum wa-mimmā ʾakhrajnā lakum mina l-ʾarḍi wa-lā tayammamū l-khabītha minhu tunfiqūna wa-lastum bi-ʾākhidhīhi ʾillā ʾan tughmiḍū fīhi wa-ʿlamū ʾanna llāha ghaniyyun ḥamīdun-i
O you who have faith! Spend of the good things you have earned, and of what We bring forth for you from the earth, and do not be of the mind to give the bad part of it, for you yourselves would not take it, unless you overlook it. And know that Allah is all-sufficient, all-laudable.
268
الشَّيطانُ يَعِدُكُمُ الفَقرَ وَيَأمُرُكُم بِالفَحشاءِ ۖ وَاللَّهُ يَعِدُكُم مَغفِرَةً مِنهُ وَفَضلًا ۗ وَاللَّهُ واسِعٌ عَليمٌ
ash-shayṭānu yaʿidukumu l-faqra wa-yaʾmurukum bi-l-faḥshāʾi wa-llāhu yaʿidukum maghfiratan minhu wa-faḍlan wa-llāhu wāsiʿun ʿalīmun
Satan frightens you of poverty and prompts you to [commit] indecent acts. But Allah promises you His forgiveness and grace, and Allah is all-bounteous, all-knowing.
269
يُؤتِي الحِكمَةَ مَن يَشاءُ ۚ وَمَن يُؤتَ الحِكمَةَ فَقَد أوتِيَ خَيرًا كَثيرًا ۗ وَما يَذَّكَّرُ إِلّا أُولُو الأَلبابِ
yuʾtī l-ḥikmata man yashāʾu wa-man yuʾta l-ḥikmata fa-qad ʾūtiya khayran kathīran wa-mā yadhdhakkaru ʾillā ʾulū l-ʾalbābi
He gives wisdom to whomever He wishes, and he who is given wisdom, is certainly given an abundant good. But none takes admonition except those who possess intellect.
270
وَما أَنفَقتُم مِن نَفَقَةٍ أَو نَذَرتُم مِن نَذرٍ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَعلَمُهُ ۗ وَما لِلظّالِمينَ مِن أَنصارٍ
wa-mā ʾanfaqtum min nafaqatin ʾaw nadhartum min nadhrin fa-ʾinna llāha yaʿlamuhū wa-mā li-ẓ-ẓālimīna min ʾanṣārin
Whatever charity you may give, or vows that you may vow, Allah indeed knows it, and the wrongdoers have no helpers.
271
إِن تُبدُوا الصَّدَقاتِ فَنِعِمّا هِيَ ۖ وَإِن تُخفوها وَتُؤتوهَا الفُقَراءَ فَهُوَ خَيرٌ لَكُم ۚ وَيُكَفِّرُ عَنكُم مِن سَيِّئَاتِكُم ۗ وَاللَّهُ بِما تَعمَلونَ خَبيرٌ
ʾin tubdū ṣ-ṣadaqāti fa-niʿimmā hiya wa-ʾin tukhfūhā wa-tuʾtūhā l-fuqarāʾa fa-huwa khayrun lakum wa-yukaffiru ʿankum min sayyiʾātikum wa-llāhu bi-mā taʿmalūna khabīrun
If you disclose your charities, that is well, but if you hide them and give them to the poor, that is better for you, and it will atone for some of your misdeeds, and Allah is well aware of what you do.
272
۞ لَيسَ عَلَيكَ هُداهُم وَلٰكِنَّ اللَّهَ يَهدي مَن يَشاءُ ۗ وَما تُنفِقوا مِن خَيرٍ فَلِأَنفُسِكُم ۚ وَما تُنفِقونَ إِلَّا ابتِغاءَ وَجهِ اللَّهِ ۚ وَما تُنفِقوا مِن خَيرٍ يُوَفَّ إِلَيكُم وَأَنتُم لا تُظلَمونَ
laysa ʿalayka hudāhum wa-lākinna llāha yahdī man yashāʾu wa-mā tunfiqū min khayrin fa-li-ʾanfusikum wa-mā tunfiqūna ʾillā btighāʾa wajhi llāhi wa-mā tunfiqū min khayrin yuwaffa ʾilaykum wa-ʾantum lā tuẓlamūna
It is not up to you to guide them; rather it is Allah who guides whomever He wishes. And whatever wealth you spend, it is for your own benefit, as you do not spend but to seek Allah’s pleasure, and whatever wealth you spend will be repaid to you in full, and you will not be wronged.
273
لِلفُقَراءِ الَّذينَ أُحصِروا في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ لا يَستَطيعونَ ضَربًا فِي الأَرضِ يَحسَبُهُمُ الجاهِلُ أَغنِياءَ مِنَ التَّعَفُّفِ تَعرِفُهُم بِسيماهُم لا يَسأَلونَ النّاسَ إِلحافًا ۗ وَما تُنفِقوا مِن خَيرٍ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ بِهِ عَليمٌ
li-l-fuqarāʾi lladhīna ʾuḥṣirū fī sabīli llāhi lā yastaṭīʿūna ḍarban fī l-ʾarḍi yaḥsabuhumu l-jāhilu ʾaghniyāʾa mina t-taʿaffufi taʿrifuhum bi-sīmāhum lā yasʾalūna n-nāsa ʾilḥāfan wa-mā tunfiqū min khayrin fa-ʾinna llāha bihī ʿalīmun-i
[The charities are] for the poor who are straitened in the way of Allah,1 not capable of moving about in the land [for trade]. The unaware suppose them to be well-off because of their reserve. You recognize them by their mark; they do not ask the people importunately. And whatever wealth you may spend, Allah indeed knows it.That is, due to their engagement in jihād, or in learning and teaching Islamic sciences or martial arts, or due to the rigours of spiritual wayfaring.
274
الَّذينَ يُنفِقونَ أَموالَهُم بِاللَّيلِ وَالنَّهارِ سِرًّا وَعَلانِيَةً فَلَهُم أَجرُهُم عِندَ رَبِّهِم وَلا خَوفٌ عَلَيهِم وَلا هُم يَحزَنونَ
alladhīna yunfiqūna ʾamwālahum bi-l-layli wa-n-nahāri sirran wa-ʿalāniyatan fa-lahum ʾajruhum ʿinda rabbihim wa-lā khawfun ʿalayhim wa-lā hum yaḥzanūna
Those who give their wealth by night and day, secretly and openly, they shall have their reward near their Lord, and they will have no fear, nor will they grieve.
275
الَّذينَ يَأكُلونَ الرِّبا لا يَقومونَ إِلّا كَما يَقومُ الَّذي يَتَخَبَّطُهُ الشَّيطانُ مِنَ المَسِّ ۚ ذٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُم قالوا إِنَّمَا البَيعُ مِثلُ الرِّبا ۗ وَأَحَلَّ اللَّهُ البَيعَ وَحَرَّمَ الرِّبا ۚ فَمَن جاءَهُ مَوعِظَةٌ مِن رَبِّهِ فَانتَهىٰ فَلَهُ ما سَلَفَ وَأَمرُهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ ۖ وَمَن عادَ فَأُولٰئِكَ أَصحابُ النّارِ ۖ هُم فيها خالِدونَ
alladhīna yaʾkulūna r-ribā lā yaqūmūna ʾillā ka-mā yaqūmu lladhī yatakhabbaṭuhu sh-shayṭānu mina l-massi dhālika bi-ʾannahum qālū ʾinnamā l-bayʿu mithlu r-ribā wa-ʾaḥalla llāhu l-bayʿa wa-ḥarrama r-ribā fa-man jāʾahū mawʿiẓatun min rabbihī fa-ntahā fa-lahū mā salafa wa-ʾamruhū ʾilā llāhi wa-man ʿāda fa-ʾulāʾika ʾaṣḥābu n-nāri hum fīhā khālidūna
Those who exact usury will not stand but like one deranged by the Devil’s touch. That is because they say, ‘Trade is just like usury.’ While Allah has allowed trade and forbidden usury. Whoever, on receiving advice from his Lord, relinquishes [usury], shall keep [the gains of] what is past, and his matter shall rest with Allah. As for those who resume, they shall be the inmates of the Fire and they shall remain in it [forever].
276
يَمحَقُ اللَّهُ الرِّبا وَيُربِي الصَّدَقاتِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ لا يُحِبُّ كُلَّ كَفّارٍ أَثيمٍ
yamḥaqu llāhu r-ribā wa-yurbī ṣ-ṣadaqāti wa-llāhu lā yuḥibbu kulla kaffārin ʾathīmin
Allah brings usury to naught, but He makes charities flourish. Allah does not like any sinful ingrate.
277
إِنَّ الَّذينَ آمَنوا وَعَمِلُوا الصّالِحاتِ وَأَقامُوا الصَّلاةَ وَآتَوُا الزَّكاةَ لَهُم أَجرُهُم عِندَ رَبِّهِم وَلا خَوفٌ عَلَيهِم وَلا هُم يَحزَنونَ
ʾinna lladhīna ʾāmanū wa-ʿamilū ṣ-ṣāliḥāti wa-ʾaqāmū ṣ-ṣalāta wa-ʾātawu z-zakāta lahum ʾajruhum ʿinda rabbihim wa-lā khawfun ʿalayhim wa-lā hum yaḥzanūna
Indeed those who have faith, do righteous deeds, maintain the prayer and give the zakāt, they shall have their reward near their Lord, and they will have no fear, nor will they grieve.
278
يا أَيُّهَا الَّذينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَذَروا ما بَقِيَ مِنَ الرِّبا إِن كُنتُم مُؤمِنينَ
yā-ʾayyuhā lladhīna ʾāmanū ttaqū llāha wa-dharū mā baqiya mina r-ribā ʾin kuntum muʾminīna
O you who have faith! Be wary of Allah, and abandon [all claims to] what remains of usury, should you be faithful.
279
فَإِن لَم تَفعَلوا فَأذَنوا بِحَربٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسولِهِ ۖ وَإِن تُبتُم فَلَكُم رُءوسُ أَموالِكُم لا تَظلِمونَ وَلا تُظلَمونَ
fa-ʾin lam tafʿalū fa-ʾdhanū bi-ḥarbin mina llāhi wa-rasūlihī wa-ʾin tubtum fa-lakum ruʾūsu ʾamwālikum lā taẓlimūna wa-lā tuẓlamūna
And if you do not, then be informed of a war from Allah and His apostle. And if you repent, then you will have your principal, neither harming others, nor suffering harm.
280
وَإِن كانَ ذو عُسرَةٍ فَنَظِرَةٌ إِلىٰ مَيسَرَةٍ ۚ وَأَن تَصَدَّقوا خَيرٌ لَكُم ۖ إِن كُنتُم تَعلَمونَ
wa-ʾin kāna dhū ʿusratin fa-naẓiratun ʾilā maysaratin wa-ʾan taṣaddaqū khayrun lakum ʾin kuntum taʿlamūna
And if [the debtor] is in straits, let there be a respite until the time of ease; and if you remit [the debt] as charity, it will be better for you, should you know.
281
وَاتَّقوا يَومًا تُرجَعونَ فيهِ إِلَى اللَّهِ ۖ ثُمَّ تُوَفّىٰ كُلُّ نَفسٍ ما كَسَبَت وَهُم لا يُظلَمونَ
wa-ttaqū yawman turjaʿūna fīhi ʾilā llāhi thumma tuwaffā kullu nafsin mā kasabat wa-hum lā yuẓlamūna
And beware of a day in which you will be brought back to Allah. Then every soul shall be recompensed fully for what it has earned, and they will not be wronged.
282
يا أَيُّهَا الَّذينَ آمَنوا إِذا تَدايَنتُم بِدَينٍ إِلىٰ أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى فَاكتُبوهُ ۚ وَليَكتُب بَينَكُم كاتِبٌ بِالعَدلِ ۚ وَلا يَأبَ كاتِبٌ أَن يَكتُبَ كَما عَلَّمَهُ اللَّهُ ۚ فَليَكتُب وَليُملِلِ الَّذي عَلَيهِ الحَقُّ وَليَتَّقِ اللَّهَ رَبَّهُ وَلا يَبخَس مِنهُ شَيئًا ۚ فَإِن كانَ الَّذي عَلَيهِ الحَقُّ سَفيهًا أَو ضَعيفًا أَو لا يَستَطيعُ أَن يُمِلَّ هُوَ فَليُملِل وَلِيُّهُ بِالعَدلِ ۚ وَاستَشهِدوا شَهيدَينِ مِن رِجالِكُم ۖ فَإِن لَم يَكونا رَجُلَينِ فَرَجُلٌ وَامرَأَتانِ مِمَّن تَرضَونَ مِنَ الشُّهَداءِ أَن تَضِلَّ إِحداهُما فَتُذَكِّرَ إِحداهُمَا الأُخرىٰ ۚ وَلا يَأبَ الشُّهَداءُ إِذا ما دُعوا ۚ وَلا تَسأَموا أَن تَكتُبوهُ صَغيرًا أَو كَبيرًا إِلىٰ أَجَلِهِ ۚ ذٰلِكُم أَقسَطُ عِندَ اللَّهِ وَأَقوَمُ لِلشَّهادَةِ وَأَدنىٰ أَلّا تَرتابوا ۖ إِلّا أَن تَكونَ تِجارَةً حاضِرَةً تُديرونَها بَينَكُم فَلَيسَ عَلَيكُم جُناحٌ أَلّا تَكتُبوها ۗ وَأَشهِدوا إِذا تَبايَعتُم ۚ وَلا يُضارَّ كاتِبٌ وَلا شَهيدٌ ۚ وَإِن تَفعَلوا فَإِنَّهُ فُسوقٌ بِكُم ۗ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ ۖ وَيُعَلِّمُكُمُ اللَّهُ ۗ وَاللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيءٍ عَليمٌ
yā-ʾayyuhā lladhīna ʾāmanū ʾidhā tadāyantum bi-daynin ʾilā ʾajalin musamman fa-ktubūhu wa-l-yaktub baynakum kātibun bi-l-ʿadli wa-lā yaʾba kātibun ʾan yaktuba ka-mā ʿallamahu llāhu fa-l-yaktub wa-l-yumlili lladhī ʿalayhi l-ḥaqqu wa-l-yattaqi llāha rabbahū wa-lā yabkhas minhu shayʾan fa-ʾin kāna lladhī ʿalayhi l-ḥaqqu safīhan ʾaw ḍaʿīfan ʾaw lā yastaṭīʿu ʾan yumilla huwa fa-l-yumlil waliyyuhū bi-l-ʿadli wa-stashhidū shahīdayni min rijālikum fa-ʾin lam yakūnā rajulayni fa-rajulun wa-mraʾatāni mimman tarḍawna mina sh-shuhadāʾi ʾan taḍilla ʾiḥdāhumā fa-tudhakkira ʾiḥdāhumā l-ʾukhrā wa-lā yaʾba sh-shuhadāʾu ʾidhā mā duʿū wa-lā tasʾamū ʾan taktubūhu ṣaghīran ʾaw kabīran ʾilā ʾajalihī dhālikum ʾaqsaṭu ʿinda llāhi wa-ʾaqwamu li-sh-shahādati wa-ʾadnā ʾallā tartābū ʾillā ʾan takūna tijāratan ḥāḍiratan tudīrūnahā baynakum fa-laysa ʿalaykum junāḥun ʾallā taktubūhā wa-ʾashhidū ʾidhā tabāyaʿtum wa-lā yuḍārra kātibun wa-lā shahīdun wa-ʾin tafʿalū fa-ʾinnahū fusūqun bikum wa-ttaqū llāha wa-yuʿallimukumu llāhu wa-llāhu bi-kulli shayʾin ʿalīmun
O you who have faith! When you contract a loan for a specified term, write it down. Let a writer write between you with honesty, and let not the writer refuse to write as Allah has taught him. So let him write, and let the one who incurs the debt dictate, and let him be wary of Allah, his Lord, and not diminish anything from it. But if the debtor be feeble-minded, or weak, or incapable of dictating himself, then let his guardian dictate with honesty, and take as witness two witnesses from your men, and if there are not two men, then a man and two women —from those whom you approve as witnesses— so that if one of the two defaults the other will remind her. The witnesses must not refuse when they are called, and do not consider it wearisome to write it down, whether it be a big or a small sum, [as being lent] until its term. That is more just with Allah and more upright in respect to testimony, and the likeliest way to avoid doubt, unless it is an on the spot deal you transact between yourselves, in which case there is no sin upon you not to write it. Take witnesses when you make a deal, and let no harm be done to writer or witness, and if you did that, it would be sinful of you. Be wary of Allah and Allah shall teach you, and Allah has knowledge of all things.
283
۞ وَإِن كُنتُم عَلىٰ سَفَرٍ وَلَم تَجِدوا كاتِبًا فَرِهانٌ مَقبوضَةٌ ۖ فَإِن أَمِنَ بَعضُكُم بَعضًا فَليُؤَدِّ الَّذِي اؤتُمِنَ أَمانَتَهُ وَليَتَّقِ اللَّهَ رَبَّهُ ۗ وَلا تَكتُمُوا الشَّهادَةَ ۚ وَمَن يَكتُمها فَإِنَّهُ آثِمٌ قَلبُهُ ۗ وَاللَّهُ بِما تَعمَلونَ عَليمٌ
wa-ʾin kuntum ʿalā safarin wa-lam tajidū kātiban fa-rihānun maqbūḍatun fa-ʾin ʾamina baʿḍukum baʿḍan fa-l-yuʾaddi lladhī ʾtumina ʾamānatahū wa-l-yattaqi llāha rabbahū wa-lā taktumū sh-shahādata wa-man yaktumhā fa-ʾinnahū ʾāthimun qalbuhū wa-llāhu bi-mā taʿmalūna ʿalīmun
If you are on a journey and cannot find a writer, then a retained pledge [shall suffice]. And if one of you entrusts to another, let him who is trusted deliver his trust, and let him be wary of Allah, his Lord. And do not conceal testimony; anyone who conceals it, his heart will indeed be sinful. And Allah knows best what you do.
284
لِلَّهِ ما فِي السَّماواتِ وَما فِي الأَرضِ ۗ وَإِن تُبدوا ما في أَنفُسِكُم أَو تُخفوهُ يُحاسِبكُم بِهِ اللَّهُ ۖ فَيَغفِرُ لِمَن يَشاءُ وَيُعَذِّبُ مَن يَشاءُ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلىٰ كُلِّ شَيءٍ قَديرٌ
li-llāhi mā fī s-samāwāti wa-mā fī l-ʾarḍi wa-ʾin tubdū mā fī ʾanfusikum ʾaw tukhfūhu yuḥāsibkum bihi llāhu fa-yaghfiru li-man yashāʾu wa-yuʿadhdhibu man yashāʾu wa-llāhu ʿalā kulli shayʾin qadīrun
To Allah belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is in the earth; and whether you disclose what is in your hearts or hide it, Allah will bring you to account for it. Then He will forgive whomever He wishes and punish whomever He wishes, and Allah has power over all things.
285
آمَنَ الرَّسولُ بِما أُنزِلَ إِلَيهِ مِن رَبِّهِ وَالمُؤمِنونَ ۚ كُلٌّ آمَنَ بِاللَّهِ وَمَلائِكَتِهِ وَكُتُبِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ لا نُفَرِّقُ بَينَ أَحَدٍ مِن رُسُلِهِ ۚ وَقالوا سَمِعنا وَأَطَعنا ۖ غُفرانَكَ رَبَّنا وَإِلَيكَ المَصيرُ
ʾāmana r-rasūlu bi-mā ʾunzila ʾilayhi min rabbihī wa-l-muʾminūna kullun ʾāmana bi-llāhi wa-malāʾikatihī wa-kutubihī wa-rusulihī lā nufarriqu bayna ʾaḥadin min rusulihī wa-qālū samiʿnā wa-ʾaṭaʿnā ghufrānaka rabbanā wa-ʾilayka l-maṣīru
The Apostle has faith in what has been sent down to him from his Lord, and all the faithful. Each [of them] has faith in Allah, His angels, His scriptures and His apostles. [They declare,] ‘We make no distinction between any of His apostles.’ And they say, ‘We hear and obey. Our Lord, forgive us, and toward You is the return.’
286
لا يُكَلِّفُ اللَّهُ نَفسًا إِلّا وُسعَها ۚ لَها ما كَسَبَت وَعَلَيها مَا اكتَسَبَت ۗ رَبَّنا لا تُؤاخِذنا إِن نَسينا أَو أَخطَأنا ۚ رَبَّنا وَلا تَحمِل عَلَينا إِصرًا كَما حَمَلتَهُ عَلَى الَّذينَ مِن قَبلِنا ۚ رَبَّنا وَلا تُحَمِّلنا ما لا طاقَةَ لَنا بِهِ ۖ وَاعفُ عَنّا وَاغفِر لَنا وَارحَمنا ۚ أَنتَ مَولانا فَانصُرنا عَلَى القَومِ الكافِرينَ
lā yukallifu llāhu nafsan ʾillā wusʿahā lahā mā kasabat wa-ʿalayhā mā ktasabat rabbanā lā tuʾākhidhnā ʾin nasīnā ʾaw ʾakhṭaʾnā rabbanā wa-lā taḥmil ʿalaynā ʾiṣran ka-mā ḥamaltahū ʿalā lladhīna min qablinā rabbanā wa-lā tuḥammilnā mā lā ṭāqata lanā bihī wa-ʿfu ʿannā wa-ghfir lanā wa-rḥamnā ʾanta mawlānā fa-nṣurnā ʿalā l-qawmi l-kāfirīna
Allah does not task any soul beyond its capacity. Whatever [good] it earns is to its benefit, and whatever [evil] it incurs is to its harm.‘Our Lord! Take us not to task if we forget or make mistakes! Our Lord! Place not upon us a burden as You placed on those who were before us! Our Lord! Lay not upon us what we have no strength to bear! Excuse us and forgive us, and be merciful to us! You are our Master, so help us against the faithless lot!’